‘math’ directory

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Beginning with the newest annotation, it uses the embedding of each annotation to attempt to create a list of nearest-neighbor annotations, creating a progression of topics. For more details, see the link.

Wikipedia (52)

Miscellaneous

Bibliography

https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.02556#deepseek: “DeepSeek-V3.2: Pushing the Frontier of Open Large Language Models”, DeepSeek, Aixin Liu, Aoxue Mei, Bangcai Lin, Bing Xue, Bingxuan Wang, Bingzheng Xu, Bochao Wu, Bowei Zhang, Chaofan Lin, Chen Dong, Chengda Lu, Chenggang Zhao, Chengqi Deng, Chenhao Xu, Chong Ruan, Damai Dai, Daya Guo, Dejian Yang, Deli Chen, Erhang Li, Fangqi Zhou, Fangyun Lin, Fucong Dai, Guangbo Hao, Guanting Chen, Guowei Li, H. Zhang, Hanwei Xu, Hao Li, Haofen Liang, Haoran Wei, Haowei Zhang, Haowen Luo, Haozhe Ji, Honghui Ding, Hongxuan Tang, Huanqi Cao, Huazuo Gao, Hui Qu, Hui Zeng, Jialiang Huang, Jiashi Li, Jiaxin Xu, Jiewen Hu, Jingchang Chen, Jingting Xiang, Jingyang Yuan, Jingyuan Cheng, Jinhua Zhu, Jun Ran, Junguang Jiang, Junjie Qiu, Junlong Li, Junxiao Song, Kai Dong, Kaige Gao, Kang Guan, Kexin Huang, Kexing Zhou, Kezhao Huang, Kuai Yu, Lean Wang, Lecong Zhang, Lei Wang, Liang Zhao, Liangsheng Yin, Lihua Guo, Lingxiao Luo, Linwang Ma, Litong Wang, Liyue Zhang, M. S. Di, M. Y. Xu, Mingchuan Zhang, Minghua Zhang, Minghui Tang, Mingxu Zhou, Panpan Huang, Peixin Cong, Peiyi Wang, Qiancheng Wang, Qihao Zhu, Qingyang Li, Qinyu Chen, Qiushi Du, Ruiling Xu, Ruiqi Ge, Ruisong Zhang, Ruizhe Pan, Runji Wang, Runqiu Yin, Runxin Xu, Ruomeng Shen, Ruoyu Zhang, S. H. Liu, Shanghao Lu, Shangyan Zhou, Shanhuang Chen, Shaofei Cai, Shaoyuan Chen, Shengding Hu, Shengyu Liu, Shiqiang Hu, Shirong Ma, Shiyu Wang, Shuiping Yu, Shunfeng Zhou, Shuting Pan, Songyang Zhou, Tao Ni, Tao Yun, Tian Pei, Tian Ye, Tianyuan Yue, Wangding Zeng, Wen Liu, Wenfeng Liang, Wenjie Pang, Wenjing Luo, Wenjun Gao, Wentao Zhang, Xi Gao, Xiangwen Wang, Xiao Bi, Xiaodong Liu, Xiaohan Wang, Xiaokang Chen, Xiaokang Zhang, Xiaotao Nie, Xin Cheng, Xin Liu, Xin Xie, Xingchao Liu, Xingkai Yu, Xingyou Li, Xinyu Yang, Xinyuan Li, Xu Chen, Xuecheng Su, Xuehai Pan, Xuheng Lin, Xuwei Fu, Y. Q. Wang, Yang Zhang, Yanhong Xu, Yanru Ma, Yao Li, Yao Li, Yao Zhao, Yaofeng Sun, Yaohui Wang, Yi Qian, Yi Yu, Yichao Zhang, Yifan Ding, Yifan Shi, Yiliang Xiong, Ying He, Ying Zhou, Yinmin Zhong, Yishi Piao, Yisong Wang, Yixiao Chen, Yixuan Tan, Yixuan Wei, Yiyang Ma, Yiyuan Liu, Yonglun Yang, Yongqiang Guo, Yongtong Wu, Yu Wu, Yuan Cheng, Yuan Ou, Yuanfan Xu, Yuduan Wang, Yue Gong, Yuhan Wu, Yuheng Zou, Yukun Li, Yunfan Xiong, Yuxiang Luo, Yuxiang You, Yuxuan Liu, Yuyang Zhou, Z. F. Wu, Z. Z. Ren, Zehua Zhao, Zehui Ren, Zhangli Sha, Zhe Fu, Zhean Xu, Zhenda Xie, Zhengyan Zhang, Zhewen Hao, Zhibin Gou, Zhicheng Ma, Zhigang Yan, Zhihong Shao, Zhixian Huang, Zhiyu Wu, Zhuoshu Li, Zhuping Zhang, Zian Xu, Zihao Wang, Zihui Gu, Zijia Zhu, Zilin Li, Zipeng Zhang, Ziwei Xie, Ziyi Gao, Zizheng Pan, Zongqing Yao, Bei Feng, Hui Li, J. L. Cai, Jiaqi Ni, Lei Xu, Meng Li, Ning Tian, R. J. Chen, R. L. Jin, S. S. Li, Shuang Zhou, Tianyu Sun, X. Q. Li, Xiangyue Jin, Xiaojin Shen, Xiaosha Chen, Xinnan Song, Xinyi Zhou, Y. X. Zhu, Yanping Huang, Yaohui Li, Yi Zheng, Yuchen Zhu, Yunxian Ma, Zhen Huang, Zhipeng Xu, Zhongyu Zhang, Dongjie Ji, Jian Liang, Jianzhong Guo, Jin Chen, Leyi Xia, Miaojun Wang, Mingming Li, Peng Zhang, Ruyi Chen, Shangmian Sun, Shaoqing Wu, Shengfeng Ye, T. Wang, W. L. Xiao, Wei An, Xianzu Wang, Xiaowen Sun, Xiaoxiang Wang, Ying Tang, Yukun Zha, Zekai Zhang, Zhe Ju, Zhen Zhang, Zihua Qu

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2025-lamoureux.pdf: “Kirigami-Inspired Parachutes With Programmable Reconfiguration”, Danick Lamoureux, Jérémi Fillion, Sophie Ramananarivo, Frédérick P. Gosselin, David Melancon

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.02881: “Rewriting Pre-Training Data Boosts LLM Performance in Math and Code [SwallowCode/Math]”, Kazuki Fujii, Yukito Tajima, Sakae Mizuki, Hinari Shimada, Taihei Shiotani, Koshiro Saito, Masanari Ohi, Masaki Kawamura, Taishi Nakamura, Takumi Okamoto, Shigeki Ishida, Kakeru Hattori, Youmi Ma, Hiroya Takamura, Rio Yokota, Naoaki Okazaki

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.21934: “Proof or Bluff? Evaluating LLMs on 2025 USA Math Olympiad”, Ivo Petrov, Jasper Dekoninck, Lyuben Baltadzhiev, Maria Drencheva, Kristian Minchev, Mislav Balunović, Nikola Jovanović, Martin Vechev

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.16219: “Reinforcement Learning for Reasoning in Small LLMs: What Works and What Doesn’t”, Quy-Anh Dang, Chris Ngo

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.12896: “None of the Others: a General Technique to Distinguish Reasoning from Memorization in Multiple-Choice LLM Evaluation Benchmarks”, Eva Sánchez Salido, Julio Gonzalo, Guillermo Marco

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https://toloka.ai/blog/r1-is-not-on-par-with-o1-and-the-difference-is-qualitative-not-quantitative/: “DS R1 Is Not on Par With OA O1, and the Difference Is Qualitative, Not Quantitative: Long-Tail Benchmarks Reveal Gaps”, Vitaliy Polshkov

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.01981: “Free Process Rewards without Process Labels”, Lifan Yuan, Wendi Li, Huayu Chen, Ganqu Cui, Ning Ding, Kaiyan Zhang, Bowen Zhou, Zhiyuan Liu, Hao Peng

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.07394: “MCTSr: Accessing GPT-4 Level Mathematical Olympiad Solutions via Monte Carlo Tree Self-Refine With LLaMA-3-8B”, Di Zhang, Xiaoshui Huang, Dongzhan Zhou, Yuqiang Li, Wanli Ouyang

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.00332#scale: “GSM1k: A Careful Examination of Large Language Model Performance on Grade School Arithmetic”, Hugh Zhang, Jeff Da, Dean Lee, Vaughn Robinson, Catherine Wu, Will Song, Tiffany Zhao, Pranav Raja, Dylan Slack, Qin Lyu, Sean Hendryx, Russell Kaplan, Michele Lunati, Summer Yue

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.18120#google: “Don’t Trust: Verify—Grounding LLM Quantitative Reasoning With Autoformalization”, Jin Peng Zhou, Charles Staats, Wenda Li, Christian Szegedy, Kilian Q. Weinberger, Yuhuai Wu

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.19450: “Functional Benchmarks for Robust Evaluation of Reasoning Performance, and the Reasoning Gap”, Saurabh Srivastava, Annarose M. B, Anto P. V, Shashank Menon, Ajay Sukumar, Adwaith Samod T, Alan Philipose, Stevin Prince, Sooraj Thomas

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.14903: “Tokenization Counts: the Impact of Tokenization on Arithmetic in Frontier LLMs”, Aaditya K. Singh, D. J. Strouse

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.07625: “Autonomous Data Selection With Language Models for Mathematical Texts”, Yifan Zhang, Yifan Luo, Yang Yuan, Andrew Chi-Chih Yao

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.03300#deepseek: “DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models”, Zhihong Shao, Peiyi Wang, Qihao Zhu, Runxin Xu, Junxiao Song, Xiao Bi, Haowei Zhang, Mingchuan Zhang, Y. K. Li, Y. Wu, Daya Guo

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https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08502-w: “Children’s Arithmetic Skills Do Not Transfer between Applied and Academic Mathematics”, Abhijit V. Banerjee, Swati Bhattacharjee, Raghabendra Chattopadhyay, Esther Duflo, Alejandro J. Ganimian, Kailash Rajah, Elizabeth S. Spelke

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.08926: “PRER: Modeling Complex Mathematical Reasoning via Large Language Model Based MathAgent”, Haoran Liao, Qinyi Du, Shaohua Hu, Hao He, Yanyan Xu, Jidong Tian, Yaohui Jin

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.08935: “Math-Shepherd: Verify and Reinforce LLMs Step-By-Step without Human Annotations”, Peiyi Wang, Lei Li, Zhihong Shao, R. X. Xu, Damai Dai, Yifei Li, Deli Chen, Y. Wu, Zhifang Sui

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.06585#deepmind: “Beyond Human Data: Scaling Self-Training for Problem-Solving With Language Models (ReST^EM)”, Avi Singh, John D. Co-Reyes, Rishabh Agarwal, Ankesh Anand, Piyush Patil, Peter J. Liu, James Harrison, Jaehoon Lee, Kelvin Xu, Aaron Parisi, Abhishek Kumar, Alex Alemi, Alex Rizkowsky, Azade Nova, Ben Adlam, Bernd Bohnet, Hanie Sedghi, Igor Mordatch, Isabelle Simpson, Izzeddin Gur, Jasper Snoek, Jeffrey Pennington, Jiri Hron, Kathleen Kenealy, Kevin Swersky, Kshiteej Mahajan, Laura Culp, Lechao Xiao, Maxwell L. Bileschi, Noah Constant, Roman Novak, Rosanne Liu, Tris Warkentin, Yundi Qian, Ethan Dyer, Behnam Neyshabur, Jascha Sohl-Dickstein, Noah Fiedel

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.02179: “Training Chain-Of-Thought via Latent-Variable Inference”, Du Phan, Matthew D. Hoffman, David Dohan, Sholto Douglas, Tuan Anh Le, Aaron Parisi, Pavel Sountsov, Charles Sutton, Sharad Vikram, Rif A. Saurous

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.06786: “OpenWebMath: An Open Dataset of High-Quality Mathematical Web Text”, Keiran Paster, Marco Dos Santos, Zhangir Azerbayev, Jimmy Ba

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.12284: “MetaMath: Bootstrap Your Own Mathematical Questions for Large Language Models”, Longhui Yu, Weisen Jiang, Han Shi, Jincheng Yu, Zhengying Liu, Yu Zhang, James T. Kwok, Zhenguo Li, Adrian Weller, Weiyang Liu

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https://cr.yp.to/papers/pwccp-20230907.pdf: “Papers With Computer-Checked Proofs”, Daniel J. Bernstein

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.07921: “Solving Challenging Math Word Problems Using GPT-4 Code Interpreter With Code-Based Self-Verification”, Aojun Zhou, Ke Wang, Zimu Lu, Weikang Shi, Sichun Luo, Zipeng Qin, Shaoqing Lu, Anya Jia, Linqi Song, Mingjie Zhan, Hongsheng Li

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.03381: “Teaching Arithmetic to Small Transformers”, Nayoung Lee, Kartik Sreenivasan, Jason D. Lee, Kangwook Lee, Dimitris Papailiopoulos

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.15626: “LeanDojo: Theorem Proving With Retrieval-Augmented Language Models”, Kaiyu Yang, Aidan M. Swope, Alex Gu, Rahul Chalamala, Peiyang Song, Shixing Yu, Saad Godil, Ryan Prenger, Anima Anandkumar

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.20050#openai: “Let’s Verify Step by Step”, Hunter Lightman, Vineet Kosaraju, Yura Burda, Harri Edwards, Bowen Baker, Teddy Lee, Jan Leike, John Schulman, Ilya Sutskever, Karl Cobbe

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.02015#alibaba: “How Well Do Large Language Models Perform in Arithmetic Tasks?”, Zheng Yuan, Hongyi Yuan, Chuanqi Tan, Wei Wang, Songfang Huang

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.12433: “ProofNet: Autoformalizing and Formally Proving Undergraduate-Level Mathematics”, Zhangir Azerbayev, Bartosz Piotrowski, Hailey Schoelkopf, Edward W. Ayers, Dragomir Radev, Jeremy Avigad

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http://neilsloane.com/doc/HIS50.pdf: “OEIS: A Handbook of Integer Sequences 50 Years Later”, Neil Sloane

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.12910#allen: “NaturalProver: Grounded Mathematical Proof Generation With Language Models”, Sean Welleck, Jiacheng Liu, Ximing Lu, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, Yejin Choi

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.11491#facebook: “HTPS: HyperTree Proof Search for Neural Theorem Proving”, Guillaume Lample, Marie-Anne Lachaux, Thibaut Lavril, Xavier Martinet, Amaury Hayat, Gabriel Ebner, Aurélien Rodriguez, Timothée Lacroix

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2022-reynolds.pdf: “The Sexes Do Not Differ in General Intelligence, but They Do in Some Specifics”, Matthew R. Reynolds, Daniel B. Hajovsky, Jacqueline M. Caemmerer

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.02311#google: “PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling With Pathways”, Aakanksha Chowdhery, Sharan Narang, Jacob Devlin, Maarten Bosma, Gaurav Mishra, Adam Roberts, Paul Barham, Hyung Won Chung, Charles Sutton, Sebastian Gehrmann, Parker Schuh, Kensen Shi, Sasha Tsvyashchenko, Joshua Maynez, Abhishek Rao, Parker Barnes, Yi Tay, Noam Shazeer, Vinodkumar Prabhakaran, Emily Reif, Nan Du, Ben Hutchinson, Reiner Pope, James Bradbury, Jacob Austin, Michael Isard, Guy Gur-Ari, Pengcheng Yin, Toju Duke, Anselm Levskaya, Sanjay Ghemawat, Sunipa Dev, Henryk Michalewski, Xavier Garcia, Vedant Misra, Kevin Robinson, Liam Fedus, Denny Zhou, Daphne Ippolito, David Luan, Hyeontaek Lim, Barret Zoph, Alexander Spiridonov, Ryan Sepassi, David Dohan, Shivani Agrawal, Mark Omernick, Andrew M. Dai, Thanumalayan Sankaranarayana Pillai, Marie Pellat, Aitor Lewkowycz, Erica Moreira, Rewon Child, Oleksandr Polozov, Katherine Lee, Zongwei Zhou, Xuezhi Wang, Brennan Saeta, Mark Diaz, Orhan Firat, Michele Catasta, Jason Wei, Kathy Meier-Hellstern, Douglas Eck, Jeff Dean, Slav Petrov, Noah Fiedel

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.01344#openai: “Formal Mathematics Statement Curriculum Learning”, Stanislas Polu, Jesse Michael Han, Kunhao Zheng, Mantas Baksys, Igor Babuschkin, Ilya Sutskever

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2022-schneider.pdf: “Counting and the Ontogenetic Origins of Exact Equality”, Rose M. Schneider, Erik Brockbank, Roman Feiman, David Barner

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.15594: “A Neural Network Solves and Generates Mathematics Problems by Program Synthesis: Calculus, Differential Equations, Linear Algebra, and More”, Iddo Drori, Sunny Tran, Roman Wang, Newman Cheng, Kevin Liu, Leonard Tang, Elizabeth Ke, Nikhil Singh, Taylor L. Patti, Jayson Lynch, Avi Shporer, Nakul Verma, Eugene Wu, Gilbert Strang

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.11446#deepmind: “Scaling Language Models: Methods, Analysis & Insights from Training Gopher”, Jack W. Rae, Sebastian Borgeaud, Trevor Cai, Katie Millican, Jordan Hoffmann, Francis Song, John Aslanides, Sarah Henderson, Roman Ring, Susannah Young, Eliza Rutherford, Tom Hennigan, Jacob Menick, Albin Cassirer, Richard Powell, George van den Driessche, Lisa Anne Hendricks, Maribeth Rauh, Po-Sen Huang, Amelia Glaese, Johannes Welbl, Sumanth Dathathri, Saffron Huang, Jonathan Uesato, John Mellor, Irina Higgins, Antonia Creswell, Nat McAleese, Amy Wu, Erich Elsen, Siddhant Jayakumar, Elena Buchatskaya, David Budden, Esme Sutherland, Karen Simonyan, Michela Paganini, Laurent Sifre, Lena Martens, Xiang Lorraine Li, Adhiguna Kuncoro, Aida Nematzadeh, Elena Gribovskaya, Domenic Donato, Angeliki Lazaridou, Arthur Mensch, Jean-Baptiste Lespiau, Maria Tsimpoukelli, Nikolai Grigorev, Doug Fritz, Thibault Sottiaux, Mantas Pajarskas, Toby Pohlen, Zhitao Gong, Daniel Toyama, Cyprien de Masson d’Autume, Yujia Li, Tayfun Terzi, Vladimir Mikulik, Igor Babuschkin, Aidan Clark, Diego de Las Casas, Aurelia Guy, Chris Jones, James Bradbury, Matthew Johnson, Blake Hechtman, Laura Weidinger, Iason Gabriel, William Isaac, Ed Lockhart, Simon Osindero, Laura Rimell, Chris Dyer, Oriol Vinyals, Kareem Ayoub, Jeff Stanway, Lorrayne Bennett, Demis Hassabis, Koray Kavukcuoglu, Geoffrey Irving

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.14168#openai: “Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems”, Karl Cobbe, Vineet Kosaraju, Mohammad Bavarian, Jacob Hilton, Reiichiro Nakano, Christopher Hesse, John Schulman

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https://www.quantamagazine.org/how-the-slowest-computer-programs-illuminate-maths-fundamental-limits-20201210/: “How the Slowest Computer Programs Illuminate Math’s Fundamental Limits: The Goal of the ‘Busy Beaver’ Game Is to Find the Longest-Running Computer Program. Its Pursuit Has Surprising Connections to Some of the Most Profound Questions and Concepts in Mathematics”, John Pavlus

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.03300: “MMLU: Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding”, Dan Hendrycks, Collin Burns, Steven Basart, Andy Zou, Mantas Mazeika, Dawn Song, Jacob Steinhardt

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https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.03393#openai: “Generative Language Modeling for Automated Theorem Proving”, Stanislas Polu, Ilya Sutskever

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2020-boehm.pdf: “Towards an API for the Real Numbers”, Hans-Juergen Boehm

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2019-rohrer.pdf: “A Randomized Controlled Trial of Interleaved Mathematics Practice”, Doug Rohrer, Robert F. Dedrick, Marissa K. Hartwig, Chi-Ngai Cheung

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https://www.c82.net/blog/?id=79: “Making of Byrne’s Euclid”, Nicholas Rougeux

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https://arxiv.org/abs/1402.1869: “On the Number of Linear Regions of Deep Neural Networks”, Guido Montúfar, Razvan Pascanu, Kyunghyun Cho, Yoshua Bengio

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2013-romero.pdf: “Homotopy Groups of Suspended Classifying Spaces: An Experimental Approach”, Ana Romero, Julio Rubio

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2013-conway.pdf: “On Unsettleable Arithmetical Problems”, John H. Conway

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https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Dase/: “Zacharias Dase (1824–1861) [MacTutor History of Mathematics]”, J. J. O’Connor, E. F. Robertson

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2003-zinkevich.pdf: “Online Convex Programming and Generalized Infinitesimal Gradient Ascent”, Martin Zinkevich

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1990-tufte-envisioninginformation-ch5-byrneseuclid.pdf: “Envisioning Information: Chapter 5, ‘Color and Information’, Pg83–86 [On Oliver Byrne’s Color Diagram Version of Euclid’s Elements]”, Edward Tufte

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1984-clements.pdf: “Terence Tao”, M. A. Clements

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1973-erlwanger.pdf: “Benny’s Conception of Rules and Answers in IPI Mathematics”, S. H. Erlwanger

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https://archive.org/details/eassayonthepsych006281mbp: An Essay On The Psychology Of Invention In The Mathematical Field, Jacques Hadamard

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