‘ethics’ directory
- See Also
- Gwern
- “Second Life Sentences ”, Gwern 2024
- “The Diamond Earrings ”, Gwern 2023
- “Timecrimes: Time Travel In Hell ”, Gwern 2023
- “I-Zombies: The Hard Problem of Unconsciousness ”, Gwern 2011
- “Umineko: The Hopium Of The Magics ”, Gwern 2018
- “Reasons of State: Why Didn’t Denmark Sell Greenland? ”, Gwern 2011
- “The Narrowing Circle ”, Gwern 2012
- “An Abortion Dialogue ”, Gwern 2008
- “The Morality of Sperm Donation ”, Gwern 2012
- “LWer Effective Altruism Donations, 2013–2014 ”, Gwern 2015
- “Long Bets As Charitable Giving Opportunity ”, Gwern 2017
- “Terrorism Is Not Effective ”, Gwern 2009
- “Charity Is Not about Helping ”, Gwern 2011
- “Girl Scouts & Good Corporate Governance ”, Gwern 2011
- “Insert, Abort, Retry? ”, Gwern 2012
- “Immoral Books ”, Gwern 2010
- “On Justifications ”, Gwern 2008
- Links
- “Will the Humanities Survive Artificial Intelligence? Maybe Not As We’ve Known Them. But, in the Ruins of the Old Curriculum, Something Vital Is Stirring ”, Burnett 2025
- “Playing in the Creek [The Responsibilities of Power] ”, Greer 2025
- “People Are More Moral in Uncertain Environments ”, Chen & Zhong 2025
- “What Did We Learn From Torturing Babies? ”, Tabarrok 2025
- “The Time I Joined Peace Corps and Worked With An African HIV Program for Sex Workers in Eswatini: Part 1 ”, Laurenson 2025
- “How Different LLMs Answered the PhilPapers 2020 Survey ”, Satron 2025
- “The Bigger the Problem the Littler: When the Scope of a Problem Makes It Seem Less Dangerous ”, Eskreis-Winkler et al 2024
- “Imperfect Parfit ”, Kodsi & Maier 2024
- “What Do Animals Understand About Death? ”
- “Richard A. Cash, Who Saved Millions From Dehydration, Dies at 83 ”
- “The Economic Way of Thinking in a Pandemic ”, Tabarrok 2024
- “The OED on Wrong: Delving into the History of a Tricky Word ”, Stephenson 2024
- “Disembodied Souls Are People, Too ”, Huemer 2024
- “Gentleness and the Artificial Other ”, Carlsmith 2024
- “The Dark Triad of Personality and Folk Intuitions about Free Will and Moral Responsibility ”, Djeriouat 2023
- “The Influence of Philosophical Training on the Evaluation of Philosophical Cases: a Controlled Longitudinal Study ”, Maćkiewicz et al 2023
- “A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Economic Inequality and Prosocial Behavior ”, Yang & Konrath 2023c
- “The Vanishing Family: They All Have a 50-50 Chance of Inheriting a Cruel Genetic Mutation—Which Means Disappearing into Dementia in Middle Age. This Is the Story of What It’s like to Live With Those Odds ”, Kolker 2023
- “Let’s Do a Thought Experiment: Using Counterfactuals to Improve Moral Reasoning ”, Ma et al 2023
- “Harm Hypervigilance in Public Reactions to Scientific Evidence ”, Clark et al 2023
- “Schrödinger’s Categories: The Indeterminacy of Folk Metaethics ”, Bush 2023
- “Business-Size Bias in Moral Concern: People Are More Dishonest Against Big Than Small Organizations ”, Martuza et al 2023
- “Worth the Risk? Greater Acceptance of Instrumental Harm Befalling Men Than Women ”, Graso et al 2023
- “Monetizing the Externalities of Animal Agriculture: Insights from an Inclusive Welfare Function ”, Kuruc & McFadden 2023
- “The Influence of Affluence on Prosocial Behavior ”, Fomina et al 2023
- “Gene-Edited Hens May End Cull of Billions of Chicks ”, Ghosh 2022
- “Woman Who Can Smell Parkinson’s Helps Scientists Develop New Test for Condition—Joy Milne, 72, Who Lives in Scotland Has Been Dubbed ‘the Woman Who Can Smell Parkinson’s ”, Ebrahimi 2022
- “Asymmetrical Genetic Attributions for the Presence and Absence of Health Problems ”, Lebowitz et al 2022
- “Permitting Immoral Behavior: A Generalized Compensation Belief Hypothesis ”, Wang et al 2022g
- “Losing Sight of Piecemeal Progress: People Lump and Dismiss Improvement Efforts That Fall Short of Categorical Change—Despite Improving ”, O’Brien 2022
- “The Moralization of Effort ”, Celniker et al 2022
- “Testing Heritability of Moral Foundations: Common Pathway Models Support Strong Heritability for the Five Moral Foundations ”, Zakharin & Bates 2022
- “Training a Helpful and Harmless Assistant With Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback ”, Bai et al 2022
- “A Systematic Review of Human Challenge Trials, Designs, and Safety ”, Adams-Phipps et al 2022
- “Perturbation of Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Makes Power Holders Less Resistant to Tempting Bribes ”, Hu et al 2022c
- “Many Heads Are More Utilitarian Than One ”, Keshmirian et al 2022
- “The Human Black-Box: The Illusion of Understanding Human Better Than Algorithmic Decision-Making ”, Bonezzi et al 2022
- “Elite Capture of Foreign Aid: Evidence from Offshore Bank Accounts ”, Andersen et al 2022
- “Can Schools Change Religious Attitudes? Evidence from German State Reforms of Compulsory Religious Education ”, Arold et al 2022 (page 3)
- “Replication Crisis and Placebo Studies: Rebooting the Bioethical Debate ”, Blease et al 2022
- “DREAM: Uncovering Mental Models behind Language Models ”, Gu et al 2021
- “Laser Ablation of Human Guilt ”, Fried et al 2021
- “Children Are Unsuspecting Meat Eaters: An Opportunity to Address Climate Change ”, Hahn et al 2021
- “The Search for Predictable Moral Partners: Predictability and Moral (Character) Preferences ”, Turpin et al 2021
- “What Was the Point of Equality? ”, Bejan 2021
- “Beauty Goes Down to the Core: Attractiveness Biases Moral Character Attributions ”, Klebl et al 2021
- “Can Machines Learn Morality? The Delphi Experiment ”, Jiang et al 2021
- “Why Empathy Is Not a Reliable Source of Information in Moral Decision Making ”, Decety 2021
- “Animal Minds, Social Change, and the Future of Fisheries Science ”, Freeling & Connell 2021
- “If Giving Money to the Red Cross Increases Well-Being, Does Taking Money from the Red Cross Increase Ill-Being?—Evidence from Three Experiments ”, Martela & Ryan 2021
- “Embryo Screening for Polygenic Disease Risk: Recent Advances and Ethical Considerations ”, Tellier et al 2021
- “The Psychology of (In)Effective Altruism ”, Caviola et al 2021
- “A Soul’s View of the Optimal Population Problem ”, Croix & Doepke 2021
- “Moral Disciplining: the Cognitive and Evolutionary Foundations of Puritanical Morality ”, Fitouchi et al 2021
- “Maybe Favors: How to Get More Good Deeds Done ”, Zürn et al 2021
- “John Locke As a Reader of Thomas Hobbes’s Leviathan: A New Manuscript ”, Waldmann 2021
- “An Experimental Test of Fundraising Appeals Targeting Donor and Recipient Benefits ”, List et al 2021
- “Language Models Have a Moral Dimension ”, Schramowski et al 2021
- “Meta-Analysis on Belief in Free Will Manipulations ”, Genschow et al 2021
- “Re-Defending Feline Liberty: a Response to Fischer ”, Abbate 2021
- “Broad Cross-National Public Support for Accelerated COVID-19 Vaccine Trial Designs ”, Broockman et al 2021
- “Biotechnology Research Viewed With Caution Globally, but Most Support Gene Editing for Babies To Treat Disease: Majorities across Global Publics Accept Evolution; Religion Factors Prominently in Belief ”, Funk et al 2020
- “Why We Fight Over Fiction ”, Hanson 2020
- “Sex Differences in Moral Judgements across 67 Countries ”, Atari et al 2020
- “Millions of Animals May Be Missing from Scientific Studies ”, Chawla 2020
- “Animal Welfare: Antispeciesism, Veganism and a ‘Life worth Living’ ”, Espinosa 2020
- “‘Dwarf Pride’ Was Hard Won. Will a Growth Drug Undermine It?: An Experimental Medication That Increases Height in Children With the Most Common Form of Dwarfism Has Raised Hope That It Can Help Them Lead Easier Lives. But Some Say the Condition Is Not a Problem in Need of a Cure. ”, Solomon 2020
- “Publication Rate in Preclinical Research: a Plea for Preregistration ”, Naald et al 2020
- “Evaluating Use Cases for Human Challenge Trials in Accelerating SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Development ”, Nguyen et al 2020
- “Thrones Wreathed in Shadow: Tacitus and the Psychology of Authoritarianism ”, Rehman 2020
- “Aversion towards Simple Broken Patterns Predicts Moral Judgment ”, Gollwitzer et al 2020
- “Animal Ethics and Evolutionary Psychology—10 Ideas ”, Fleischman 2020
- “Keep Your Cats Indoors: a Reply to Abbate ”, Fischer 2020
- “An Attempt at Explaining, Blaming, and Being Very Slightly Sympathetic Toward Enron ”, Lakeman 2020
- “Against Dog Ownership ”, Lakeman 2020
- “Book Review: Hoover [Review of Whyte’s Hoover: An Extraordinary Life In Extraordinary Times] ”, Alexander 2020
- “‘It’s Just Everywhere Already’: How Delays in Testing Set Back the US Coronavirus Response: A Series of Missed Chances by the Federal Government to Ensure More Widespread Testing Came during the Early Days of the Outbreak, When Containment Would Have Been Easier ”, Fink & Baker 2020
- “Should We Sacrifice the Utilitarians First? ”, Smilansky 2020
- “Cognitive Enhancement and Network Effects: How Individual Prosperity Depends on Group Traits ”, Anomaly & Jones 2020
- “Cryonics for All? ”, Thau 2020
- “The Phantom’s Pain—A Metal Gear Solid V Narrative Analysis ”, Lakeman 2020
- “Animal Ethics and Evolutionary Psychology ”, Fleischman 2020
- “The Institutional Foundations of Religious Politics: Evidence from Indonesia ”, Bazzi et al 2019
- “Learning Norms from Stories: A Prior for Value Aligned Agents ”, Frazier et al 2019
- “Analysis of Official Deceased Organ Donation Data Casts Doubt on the Credibility of China’s Organ Transplant Reform ”, Robertson et al 2019
- “Peep Show—The Most Realistic Portrayal of Evil Ever Made ”, Lakeman 2019
- “A Defense of Free-Roaming Cats from a Hedonist Account of Feline Well-Being ”, Abbate 2019
- “A Mulching Proposal ”, Keyes et al 2019
- “Moral Permissibility of Action Plans ”, Lindner et al 2019
- “The New Epidemic—My Experience of Losing a Friend to Heroin ”, Lakeman 2019
- “Killing Rabbits ”, Válek 2019
- “Reflections on China’s Stalinist Heritage II: Just How Totalitarian Is Modern China? ”, Greer 2019
- “Notes on Nggwal ”, Buckner 2019
- “Radical Results: Gitcoin’s $25K Match—Results and Lessons Learned from Our First $25K in Matching ”, Singh 2019
- “Gitcoin Grants: CLR Matching—Matching Contributions With up to $25,000 in Funding, in ETH ”, Singh 2019
- “Reflections on China’s Stalinist Heritage I: A Tyrant’s Toolkit ”, Greer 2019
- “Subsidizing PGD: The Moral Case for Funding Genetic Selection ”, Kemper et al 2019
- “Frequently Overlooked Realistic Moral Bioenhancement Interventions ”, Conan 2019
- “Asymmetrical Genetic Attributions for Prosocial versus Antisocial Behavior ”, Lebowitz et al 2019
- “Ideological Differences in the Expanse of the Moral Circle ”, Waytz et al 2019
- “The Psychology of Existential Risk: Moral Judgments about Human Extinction ”, Schubert et al 2019
- “Hillbilly Elegy—The Culture of White American Poverty ”, Lakeman 2018
- “The High Abortion Cost of Human Reproduction ”, Rice 2018
- “Vengeance As Justice: Passages I Highlighted in My Copy of Eye for an Eye ”, Greer 2018
- “Islam and Economic Performance: Historical and Contemporary Links ”, Kuran 2018
- “Nozick’s Experience Machine: An Empirical Study ”, Hindriks & Douven 2017
- “Relating Pattern Deviancy Aversion to Stigma and Prejudice ”, Gollwitzer et al 2017
- “We Don’t Want to Know What Will Kill Us: Years of Data on Genetic Testing Reveal That When given the Option, Most People Want Less Information, Not More ”, Spinney 2017
- “Willpower Satisficing ”, Chappell 2017
- “Everything Is Worse in China ”, Greer 2017
- “Genetic Predisposition to Obesity and Medicare Expenditures ”, Wehby et al 2017
- “Experimental Studies on the Psychology of Property Rights ”, Haji 2017
- “Men of Honor, Men of Interest ”, Greer 2016
- “Doing versus Allowing Harm ”, Howard-Snyder & Woollard 2016
- “Switching Away from Utilitarianism: The Limited Role of Utility Calculations in Moral Judgment ”, Sheskin & Baumard 2016
- “Toward a Naturalistic Theory of Moral Progress ”, Buchanan & Powell 2016
- “101 Weird Writers #39: James Tiptree Junior ”
- “The Unilateralist’s Curse and the Case for a Principle of Conformity ”, Bostrom et al 2016
- “Discontinuation and Nonpublication of Randomized Clinical Trials Conducted in Children ”
- “Legal Roots of Authoritarian Rule in the Middle East: Civic Legacies of the Islamic Waqf ”, Kuran 2016
- Against Empathy: The Case for Rational Compassion, Bloom 2016
- “Good Ventures: The Power of Informed Decisions ”, Arrillaga-Andreessen & Murray 2015
- “Unsong § Interlude ט: The General Assembly ”, Alexander 2015
- “The Most Predictable Disaster in the History of the Human Race: This Is What Bill Gates Is Afraid Of ”, Klein 2015
- “Do Artificial Reinforcement-Learning Agents Matter Morally? ”, Tomasik 2014
- “Meditations on Maoism—Ye Fu’s Hard Road Home ”, Greer 2014
- “Use of Placebo Controls in the Evaluation of Surgery: Systematic Review ”, Wartolowska 2014
- “Are You Morally Modified?: The Moral Effects of Widely Used Pharmaceuticals ”, Levy et al 2014
- “Aztec Political Thought ”, Marquez 2013
- “Water Cannot Return ”, Amichai & Sager 2013
- “Seeing Life In the Distance ”, Sager 2013
- “Who By Very Slow Decay ”, Alexander 2013
- “Tolkien and Darwin Among the Machines ”, Summers-Stay 2013
- “Refrigerator Safety Study: Case Study Analysis ”, Hunter 2013
- “The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth: An Empirical Investigation ”, Davis & Knauss 2013
- “The Strategic Consequences of Chinese Racism: A Strategic Asymmetry for the United States ”, Anonymous & Anonymous 2013
- “Doing Enough ”
- “The Fallacy of Human Freedom; Review [John Gray, The Silence of Animals: On Progress and Other Modern Myths (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2013), 288 Pp] ”, Merry 2013
- “The Whispering Earring ”, Alexander 2012
- “Metamagical Themas: Sanity and Survival ”, Hofstadter 2012
- “Self-Experimentation and Its Role in Medical Research ”, Weisse 2012
- “The Case against Ethics Review in the Social Sciences ”, Schrag 2011
- “Outing the It That Thinks: The Collapse of an Intellectual Ecosystem ”, Bakker 2011
- “Bugs and Beasts Before the Law ”, Humphrey 2011
- “Is Empathy Necessary for Morality? ”, Prinz 2011
- “Kant on Killing Bastards, on Masturbation, on Wives and Servants, on Organ Donation, Homosexuality, and Tyrants ”, Schwitzgebel 2010
- “The Optimal Taxation of Height: A Case Study of Utilitarian Income Redistribution ”, Mankiw & Weinzierl 2010
- “Robots Should Be Slaves ”, Bryson 2010
- “Stuff § Colonoscopy ”, Alexander 2009
- “The Disadvantage of a Good Reputation: Disney As a Target for Social Problems Claims ”, Best & Lowney 2009
- “Three Worlds Collide [Index] ”, Yudkowsky 2009
- “Male Rape and Human Rights ”, Stemple 2009
- “Buddhist Animal Release Practices: Historic, Environmental, Public Health And Economic Concerns ”, Shiu & Stokes 2008
- “Anesthetizing the Public Conscience: Lethal Injection and Animal Euthanasia ”, Alper 2008
- “Two Arms and a Head: The Death of a Newly Paraplegic Philosopher ”, Atreus 2008
- “Yes, Jolonah, There Is a Hell ”, Ryding 2008
- “A Rule Against Perpetuities For The 21st Century ”, Schneider 2007
- “Damage to the Prefrontal Cortex Increases Utilitarian Moral Judgements ”, Koenigs et al 2007
- “A Good List ”, Leithauser 2006
- Good and Real: Demystifying Paradoxes from Physics to Ethics, Drescher 2006
- “The Paradox Of Beneficial Retirement ”, Smilansky 2005
- “Forbidden Knowledge ”, Kempner et al 2005
- “Jeremy Bentham on Slavery and the Slave Trade ”, Rosen 2005
- “Incest Laws and Absent Taboos in Roman Egypt ”, Strong 2005
- “Consider the Lobster: For 56 Years, the Maine Lobster Festival Has Been Drawing Crowds With the Promise of Sun, Fun, and Fine Food. One Visitor Would Argue That the Celebration Involves a Whole Lot More ”, Wallace 2004
- “A Defense of Cannibalism ”, Wisnewski 2004
- “The Psychologist Who Empathized With Rats: James Tiptree Junior As Alice B. Sheldon, PhD ”, Elms 2004
- “Thinking the Unthinkable: Sacred Values and Taboo Cognitions ”, Tetlock 2003
- “Policing Nature ”, Cowen 2003
- “Richard Posner, The Bench Burner: How Did a Judge With Such Subversive Ideas Become a Leading Influence on American Legal Opinion? ”, MacFarquhar 2001
- “Genetic Manipulation in Humans As a Matter of Rawlsian Justice ”, Brown 2001
- “Cornucopia: The Pace of Economic Growth in the 20th Century ”, DeLong 2000
- “Parachuting for Charity: Is It worth the Money? A 5-Year Audit of Parachute Injuries in Tayside and the Cost to the NHS ”, Lee et al 1999
- “The Simple Desire-Fulfillment Theory ”
- “Controlled Trials: the 1948 Watershed ”, Doll 1998
- “Who Is Arguing About the Cat? Moral Action and Enlightenment According to Dōgen ”, Mikkelson 1997
- “Buddhism and Ecology: The Interconnection of Dharma and Deeds ”, Tucker & Williams 1997
- “Superhumanism: According to Hans Moravec § On the Inevitability & Desirability of Human Extinction ”, Platt 1995
- “Medieval Monogamy ”, Betzig 1995
- “The Irrelevance of the Medical Model of Mental Illness to Law and Ethics ”, Greenberg & Bailey 1994
- “Pigs and Guinea Pigs: A Note on the Ethics of Animal Exploitation ”, Blackorby & Donaldson 1992
- “A Proposal to Classify Happiness As a Psychiatric Disorder ”, Bentall 1992
- “The Kingfisher ”, Oliver 1990
- “Of a Happy Life: Book 3 ”, Seneca 1990
- “Pain and Its Effects in the Human Neonate and Fetus ”, Anand & Hickey 1987
- “Leaving the Bomb Project: A Nuclear Physicist Responsible for Helping Design the Atomic Bomb Tells for the First Time Why He Decided to Leave Los Alamos in 1944 ”, Rotblat 1985
- “Effectiveness of Measures to Prevent Unintentional Deaths of Infants and Children from Suffocation and Strangulation ”, Krauss 1985
- “A Conversation With Jeanne ”, Miłosz 1984
- “Putting Cruelty First ”, Shklar 1982
- Montaillou: The Promised Land of Error: Ch2, the domus, Ladurie 1978
- “In Praise of Self-Deprecation ”, Szymborska 1976
- “Meet Shakey: the First Electronic Person—The Fascinating and Fearsome Reality of a Machine With a Mind of Its Own ”, Darrach 1970
- “Behavior Of Young Children Under Conditions Simulating Entrapment In Refrigerators ”, Bain et al 1958
- “On Living in an Atomic Age ”, Lewis 1948
- “Learning in War-Time ”, Lewis 1939
- “The Wish Never To Have Been Born ”, Cavan 1932
- “Nietzsche and Bizet ”, Klein 1925
- “On the Part Played by Philosophy in the Progress of Man ”, Seneca & Gummere 1920
- “The Ethics of Belief ”, Clifford 1877
- “Thomas Jefferson to Isaac McPherson, 13 August 1813 ”, Jefferson 1813
- “Some Unattractive Meta-Ethical Positions, Free to a Good Home ”
- “The Making of Final Fantasy VII ”
- “Sébastien Moro on the Most Insane Things Fish Can Do ”, Moro 2025
- “Aztec Moral Philosophy Didn’t Expect Anyone to Be a Saint ”
- “The Moral Question That Stanford Asks Its Bioengineering Students ”
- “The Ethics of Reward Shaping ”
- “After Century of Removing Appendixes, Docs Find Antibiotics Can Be Enough: In a Five-Year Follow-Up, Nearly Two-Thirds of Patients Never Needed Surgery ”
- “About Me ”
- “The High Cost of Not Doing Experiments ”
- “Benjamin Todd ”
- “A Good Volunteer Is Hard to Find ”
- “Adventures in the Assessment of Animal Speed and Morality ”
- “CBD in Colorado: Seeking a Marijuana Miracle ”
- “Two Concrete Ways to Help Feeder Rodents ”
- “Ultra-Near-Termism: Literally An Idea Whose Time Has Come ”
- “1972 Talk at CERN on Scientific Research ”, Grothendieck 2025
- “Some Key Numbers That Every Effective Altruist Should Know ”, benthamite 2025
- “The Importance of Wild-Animal Suffering ”
- “How Big a Deal Was the Industrial Revolution? ”
- “The Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART) Represents More Than 85% of the Assisted Reproduction Industry. SART Requires That Its Members Work Only With Agencies That Limit Compensation to Egg-Donors to around $5,000 or a Maximum of $10,000 (Figures Decided upon by the Ethics Committee of an Affiliated Organization, The American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM)). In Other Words, ASRM-SART Acts As a Buyer’s Cartel. ”
- “Hacking the Holocaust. Remembering the Data Pirates, Forgers ”, Machina 2025
- “Rob Wiblin Interviews Tyler on Stubborn Attachments (BONUS) ”
- “99 Reasons 2017 Was A Great Year ”, Crunch 2025
- “Front Matter Human Genome Editing: Science, Ethics, and Governance ”
- “Philosophical Disquisitions: The Reversal Test and Status Quo Bias ”
- “Legalism in Chinese Philosophy ”
- “Mohism ”
- “Moral Anti-Realism ”
- “Probability in Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy ”
- “The Right Not to Know: When Ignorance Is Bliss but Deadly ”
- “The Reaction to the Harper’s Letter on Cancel Culture Proves Why It Was Necessary: I Was One of the 153 Signers and Am a Veteran of the Twitter Wars. But Even I Was Taken Aback by the Swift, Virulent Response. ”
- “Is There Suffering in Fundamental Physics? ”
- “Redirecting The Scholar’s Stage ”
- “On the Science and Ethics of Ebola Treatments ”
- “Volunteers: Nonprofits Really Want Their Money, Not Their Bodies ”
- “Newtonian Ethics ”
- “Meditations on Moloch ”
- “Vegetarianism for Meat-Eaters ”
- “Book Review: House of God ”
- “Fear And Loathing At Effective Altruism Global 2017 ”
- “My IRB Nightmare ”
- “Samsara ”
- “Another Empty, Lifeless Planet Found ”
- “The Sound of Evil ”
- “6-Year-Old Stares Down Bottomless Abyss Of Formal Schooling ”
- “Millions and Millions Dead ”
- “Study: Wolf Attacks Still Leading Cause Of Death In U.S. ”
- “Trope: ‘Kick the Dog’ ”, TVTropes 2025
- “‘Ethics’ Is Advertising ”
- “After 92 Years, Millionaire Miser’s Heirs Finally Split $100M ”
- “The Great Penguin Sweater Fiasco ”
- “A Walking Time Bomb? The Trouble With Ira Glass’s Dog, Piney ”
- “‘Stubborn Attachments’: Full Text – Stubborn Attachments – Medium ”
- “Back in the USSR: What Life Was like in the Soviet Union ”
- “Values in the Wild: Discovering and Analyzing Values in Real-World Language Model Interactions ”
- “Eulogy to the Obits ”, Balwit 2025
- “Raising Welfare for Lab Rodents ”
- “Your Book Review: Dominion [Animal Rights] ”
- “Your Book Review: Two Arms and a Head ”
- “Extracts from Hyperion: Oceanus ”
- “Why Insects Are More Sensitive Than They Seem ”
- “The Government Has Fiercely Decried a Shenzhen Scientist’s Gene Editing, in Contrast to Its Push past Ethical Barriers in AI ”
- “Picking Embryos With Best Health Odds Sparks New DNA Debate: Science Could Allow Parents to Select for Taller, Smarter Kids; It’s Just Another Way of Preventing Disease ”
- “Storm Over Biology ”
- “Does Power Really Corrupt? ”
- “Speaking Freely: Ada Palmer ”
- “Machiavelli V: Why We Keep Asking ‘Was Machiavelli an Atheist?’ ”
- “Suicide of the Liberals ”, Morson 2025
- “Child Expert Grants Dying Boy’s Wish to Have Sex ”
- “Trust Issues ”
- “Family Division President Sir Andrew McFarlane Sounds Warning over ‘Astonishing’ Surrogacy ”
- “Humans Are Utility Monsters ”
- “Mike Darwin on Animal Research, Moral Cowardice, and Reasoning in an Uncaring Universe ”
- “Normal Cryonics ”
- “Nonprofit Boards Are Weird ”, Karnofsky 2025
- “Not By Empathy Alone ”
- “Risks of Astronomical Suffering (S-Risks) ”
- “China’s Bid to Be a DNA Superpower: First China Conquered DNA Sequencing. Now It Wants to Dominate Precision Medicine Too ”
- “How To Be Good ”
- “Last Call ”
- “Spalding Gray’s Catastrophe ”
- “Killing Animals at the Zoo ”
- “The Comforting Fictions of Dementia Care ”
- “The Ethics of Bloodless Medicine ”
- “The Joys And Ethics Of Insect Eating ”
- “Infants’ Sense of Pain Is Recognized, Finally ”
- “She Told the Family of a Severely Disabled Man That She Could Help Him to Communicate With the outside World. The Relationship That Followed Would Lead to a Criminal Trial. ”
- “Should Parents of Children With Severe Disabilities Be Allowed to Stop Their Growth? ”
- “Human Gene Editing Receives Science Panel’s Support ”
- “The Struggle to Build a Massive ‘Biobank’ of Patient Data ”
- “Some Case Studies in Early Field Growth ”
- “Ancestor Worship Is Efficient ”
- “Covert Virtue – the Signal That Doesn’t Bark? ”
- “Let Us Give To Future ”
- “Parable of the Multiplier Hole ”
- “Under the Rule of Amida Buddha ”
- “Expected Value without Expecting Value ”
- “We Laughed at the Republican Busybody Who Couldn’t Joke, Declared War on Dirty Paintings, and Peered through Your Bedroom Window. Now That Person Has Switched Sides, and Nobody’s Laughing ”
- “The American Press Is Destroying Itself ”
- “Living like a Dead Man ”
- “The Colossal Government Failure That Obstructed a Potentially Major Medical Breakthrough ”
- “Genetic Testing of Embryos Is Creating an Ethical Morass ”
- “A Doctor and Medical Ethicist Argues Life After 75 Is Not worth Living ”
- “Why Is Russia So Homophobic? ”
- “The Force That Drives the Flower ”
- “When Your Child Is a Psychopath ”
- “Do Animals Have Feelings? ”
- “Why Do Republican Leaders Continue to Enable Trump ”
- “Fighting for My Son With Cystic Fibrosis ”
- “Do Elephants Have Souls? ”
- “This American Life #480 § 3. Animal Sacrifice ”, Glass 2025
- “Barbra Streisand Is Not Alone. At a South Korean Laboratory, an Once-Disgraced Doctor Is Replicating Hundreds of Deceased Pets for the Rich and Famous. It’s Made for More Than a Few Questions of Bioethics. ”
- “Plant-Based Meat like Beyond and Impossible Burgers Get Their Beefy Taste from Flavorists ”
- “Fatal Distraction: Forgetting a Child in the Backseat of a Car Is a Horrifying Mistake. Is It a Crime? ”
- “Discounts, Guarantees and the Search for ‘Good’ Genes: The Booming Fertility Business ”
- “A New Age of Genetic Screening Is Coming—And We Don’t Have Any Rules for It: New ‘Polygenic’ Screening Techniques Open a Pandora’s Box of Ethical Issues ”
- “Even China Roundly Condemns Editing the Genes of Babies ”
- “Wirehead Hedonism versus Paradise-Engineering ”
- “YourMorals ”
- Sort By Magic
- Wikipedia (21)
- Miscellaneous
- Bibliography
See Also
Gwern
“Second Life Sentences ”, Gwern 2024
“The Diamond Earrings ”, Gwern 2023
“Timecrimes: Time Travel In Hell ”, Gwern 2023
“I-Zombies: The Hard Problem of Unconsciousness ”, Gwern 2011
“Umineko: The Hopium Of The Magics ”, Gwern 2018
“Reasons of State: Why Didn’t Denmark Sell Greenland? ”, Gwern 2011
“The Narrowing Circle ”, Gwern 2012
“An Abortion Dialogue ”, Gwern 2008
“The Morality of Sperm Donation ”, Gwern 2012
“LWer Effective Altruism Donations, 2013–2014 ”, Gwern 2015
“Long Bets As Charitable Giving Opportunity ”, Gwern 2017
“Terrorism Is Not Effective ”, Gwern 2009
“Charity Is Not about Helping ”, Gwern 2011
“Girl Scouts & Good Corporate Governance ”, Gwern 2011
“Insert, Abort, Retry? ”, Gwern 2012
“Immoral Books ”, Gwern 2010
“On Justifications ”, Gwern 2008
Links
“Will the Humanities Survive Artificial Intelligence? Maybe Not As We’ve Known Them. But, in the Ruins of the Old Curriculum, Something Vital Is Stirring ”, Burnett 2025
“Playing in the Creek [The Responsibilities of Power] ”, Greer 2025
“People Are More Moral in Uncertain Environments ”, Chen & Zhong 2025
“What Did We Learn From Torturing Babies? ”, Tabarrok 2025
“The Time I Joined Peace Corps and Worked With An African HIV Program for Sex Workers in Eswatini: Part 1 ”, Laurenson 2025
“How Different LLMs Answered the PhilPapers 2020 Survey ”, Satron 2025
“The Bigger the Problem the Littler: When the Scope of a Problem Makes It Seem Less Dangerous ”, Eskreis-Winkler et al 2024
The Bigger the Problem the Littler: When the Scope of a Problem Makes It Seem Less Dangerous
“Imperfect Parfit ”, Kodsi & Maier 2024
“What Do Animals Understand About Death? ”
“Richard A. Cash, Who Saved Millions From Dehydration, Dies at 83 ”
Richard A. Cash, Who Saved Millions From Dehydration, Dies at 83
“The Economic Way of Thinking in a Pandemic ”, Tabarrok 2024
“The OED on Wrong: Delving into the History of a Tricky Word ”, Stephenson 2024
“Disembodied Souls Are People, Too ”, Huemer 2024
“Gentleness and the Artificial Other ”, Carlsmith 2024
“The Dark Triad of Personality and Folk Intuitions about Free Will and Moral Responsibility ”, Djeriouat 2023
The Dark Triad of personality and folk intuitions about free will and moral responsibility
“The Influence of Philosophical Training on the Evaluation of Philosophical Cases: a Controlled Longitudinal Study ”, Maćkiewicz et al 2023
“A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Economic Inequality and Prosocial Behavior ”, Yang & Konrath 2023c
“The Vanishing Family: They All Have a 50-50 Chance of Inheriting a Cruel Genetic Mutation—Which Means Disappearing into Dementia in Middle Age. This Is the Story of What It’s like to Live With Those Odds ”, Kolker 2023
“Let’s Do a Thought Experiment: Using Counterfactuals to Improve Moral Reasoning ”, Ma et al 2023
Let’s Do a Thought Experiment: Using Counterfactuals to Improve Moral Reasoning
“Harm Hypervigilance in Public Reactions to Scientific Evidence ”, Clark et al 2023
Harm Hypervigilance in Public Reactions to Scientific Evidence
“Schrödinger’s Categories: The Indeterminacy of Folk Metaethics ”, Bush 2023
Schrödinger’s Categories: The Indeterminacy of Folk Metaethics
“Business-Size Bias in Moral Concern: People Are More Dishonest Against Big Than Small Organizations ”, Martuza et al 2023
Business-Size Bias in Moral Concern: People are More Dishonest Against Big than Small Organizations
“Worth the Risk? Greater Acceptance of Instrumental Harm Befalling Men Than Women ”, Graso et al 2023
Worth the Risk? Greater Acceptance of Instrumental Harm Befalling Men than Women
“Monetizing the Externalities of Animal Agriculture: Insights from an Inclusive Welfare Function ”, Kuruc & McFadden 2023
Monetizing the externalities of animal agriculture: insights from an inclusive welfare function
“The Influence of Affluence on Prosocial Behavior ”, Fomina et al 2023
“Gene-Edited Hens May End Cull of Billions of Chicks ”, Ghosh 2022
“Woman Who Can Smell Parkinson’s Helps Scientists Develop New Test for Condition—Joy Milne, 72, Who Lives in Scotland Has Been Dubbed ‘the Woman Who Can Smell Parkinson’s ”, Ebrahimi 2022
“Asymmetrical Genetic Attributions for the Presence and Absence of Health Problems ”, Lebowitz et al 2022
Asymmetrical genetic attributions for the presence and absence of health problems
“Permitting Immoral Behavior: A Generalized Compensation Belief Hypothesis ”, Wang et al 2022g
Permitting Immoral Behavior: A Generalized Compensation Belief Hypothesis
“Losing Sight of Piecemeal Progress: People Lump and Dismiss Improvement Efforts That Fall Short of Categorical Change—Despite Improving ”, O’Brien 2022
“The Moralization of Effort ”, Celniker et al 2022
“Testing Heritability of Moral Foundations: Common Pathway Models Support Strong Heritability for the Five Moral Foundations ”, Zakharin & Bates 2022
“Training a Helpful and Harmless Assistant With Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback ”, Bai et al 2022
Training a Helpful and Harmless Assistant with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback
“A Systematic Review of Human Challenge Trials, Designs, and Safety ”, Adams-Phipps et al 2022
A Systematic Review of Human Challenge Trials, Designs, and Safety
“Perturbation of Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Makes Power Holders Less Resistant to Tempting Bribes ”, Hu et al 2022c
“Many Heads Are More Utilitarian Than One ”, Keshmirian et al 2022
“The Human Black-Box: The Illusion of Understanding Human Better Than Algorithmic Decision-Making ”, Bonezzi et al 2022
The Human Black-Box: The Illusion of Understanding Human Better Than Algorithmic Decision-Making
“Elite Capture of Foreign Aid: Evidence from Offshore Bank Accounts ”, Andersen et al 2022
Elite Capture of Foreign Aid: Evidence from Offshore Bank Accounts
“Can Schools Change Religious Attitudes? Evidence from German State Reforms of Compulsory Religious Education ”, Arold et al 2022 (page 3)
“Replication Crisis and Placebo Studies: Rebooting the Bioethical Debate ”, Blease et al 2022
Replication crisis and placebo studies: rebooting the bioethical debate
“DREAM: Uncovering Mental Models behind Language Models ”, Gu et al 2021
“Laser Ablation of Human Guilt ”, Fried et al 2021
“Children Are Unsuspecting Meat Eaters: An Opportunity to Address Climate Change ”, Hahn et al 2021
Children are unsuspecting meat eaters: An opportunity to address climate change
“The Search for Predictable Moral Partners: Predictability and Moral (Character) Preferences ”, Turpin et al 2021
The search for predictable moral partners: Predictability and moral (character) preferences
“What Was the Point of Equality? ”, Bejan 2021
“Beauty Goes Down to the Core: Attractiveness Biases Moral Character Attributions ”, Klebl et al 2021
Beauty Goes Down to the Core: Attractiveness Biases Moral Character Attributions
“Can Machines Learn Morality? The Delphi Experiment ”, Jiang et al 2021
“Why Empathy Is Not a Reliable Source of Information in Moral Decision Making ”, Decety 2021
Why Empathy Is Not a Reliable Source of Information in Moral Decision Making
“Animal Minds, Social Change, and the Future of Fisheries Science ”, Freeling & Connell 2021
Animal Minds, Social Change, and the Future of Fisheries Science :
View PDF:
“If Giving Money to the Red Cross Increases Well-Being, Does Taking Money from the Red Cross Increase Ill-Being?—Evidence from Three Experiments ”, Martela & Ryan 2021
“Embryo Screening for Polygenic Disease Risk: Recent Advances and Ethical Considerations ”, Tellier et al 2021
Embryo Screening for Polygenic Disease Risk: Recent Advances and Ethical Considerations
“The Psychology of (In)Effective Altruism ”, Caviola et al 2021
“A Soul’s View of the Optimal Population Problem ”, Croix & Doepke 2021
“Moral Disciplining: the Cognitive and Evolutionary Foundations of Puritanical Morality ”, Fitouchi et al 2021
Moral disciplining: the cognitive and evolutionary foundations of puritanical morality
“Maybe Favors: How to Get More Good Deeds Done ”, Zürn et al 2021
“John Locke As a Reader of Thomas Hobbes’s Leviathan: A New Manuscript ”, Waldmann 2021
John Locke as a Reader of Thomas Hobbes’s Leviathan: A New Manuscript
“An Experimental Test of Fundraising Appeals Targeting Donor and Recipient Benefits ”, List et al 2021
An experimental test of fundraising appeals targeting donor and recipient benefits
“Language Models Have a Moral Dimension ”, Schramowski et al 2021
“Meta-Analysis on Belief in Free Will Manipulations ”, Genschow et al 2021
“Re-Defending Feline Liberty: a Response to Fischer ”, Abbate 2021
“Broad Cross-National Public Support for Accelerated COVID-19 Vaccine Trial Designs ”, Broockman et al 2021
Broad cross-national public support for accelerated COVID-19 vaccine trial designs
“Biotechnology Research Viewed With Caution Globally, but Most Support Gene Editing for Babies To Treat Disease: Majorities across Global Publics Accept Evolution; Religion Factors Prominently in Belief ”, Funk et al 2020
“Why We Fight Over Fiction ”, Hanson 2020
“Sex Differences in Moral Judgements across 67 Countries ”, Atari et al 2020
“Millions of Animals May Be Missing from Scientific Studies ”, Chawla 2020
“Animal Welfare: Antispeciesism, Veganism and a ‘Life worth Living’ ”, Espinosa 2020
Animal welfare: antispeciesism, veganism and a ‘life worth living’
“‘Dwarf Pride’ Was Hard Won. Will a Growth Drug Undermine It?: An Experimental Medication That Increases Height in Children With the Most Common Form of Dwarfism Has Raised Hope That It Can Help Them Lead Easier Lives. But Some Say the Condition Is Not a Problem in Need of a Cure. ”, Solomon 2020
“Publication Rate in Preclinical Research: a Plea for Preregistration ”, Naald et al 2020
Publication rate in preclinical research: a plea for preregistration
“Evaluating Use Cases for Human Challenge Trials in Accelerating SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Development ”, Nguyen et al 2020
Evaluating Use Cases for Human Challenge Trials in Accelerating SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Development
“Thrones Wreathed in Shadow: Tacitus and the Psychology of Authoritarianism ”, Rehman 2020
Thrones Wreathed in Shadow: Tacitus and the Psychology of Authoritarianism
“Aversion towards Simple Broken Patterns Predicts Moral Judgment ”, Gollwitzer et al 2020
Aversion towards simple broken patterns predicts moral judgment
“Animal Ethics and Evolutionary Psychology—10 Ideas ”, Fleischman 2020
“Keep Your Cats Indoors: a Reply to Abbate ”, Fischer 2020
“An Attempt at Explaining, Blaming, and Being Very Slightly Sympathetic Toward Enron ”, Lakeman 2020
An Attempt at Explaining, Blaming, and Being Very Slightly Sympathetic Toward Enron
“Against Dog Ownership ”, Lakeman 2020
“Book Review: Hoover [Review of Whyte’s Hoover: An Extraordinary Life In Extraordinary Times] ”, Alexander 2020
Book Review: Hoover [review of Whyte’s Hoover: An Extraordinary Life In Extraordinary Times]
“‘It’s Just Everywhere Already’: How Delays in Testing Set Back the US Coronavirus Response: A Series of Missed Chances by the Federal Government to Ensure More Widespread Testing Came during the Early Days of the Outbreak, When Containment Would Have Been Easier ”, Fink & Baker 2020
“Should We Sacrifice the Utilitarians First? ”, Smilansky 2020
“Cognitive Enhancement and Network Effects: How Individual Prosperity Depends on Group Traits ”, Anomaly & Jones 2020
Cognitive Enhancement and Network Effects: how Individual Prosperity Depends on Group Traits
“Cryonics for All? ”, Thau 2020
“The Phantom’s Pain—A Metal Gear Solid V Narrative Analysis ”, Lakeman 2020
“Animal Ethics and Evolutionary Psychology ”, Fleischman 2020
“The Institutional Foundations of Religious Politics: Evidence from Indonesia ”, Bazzi et al 2019
The Institutional Foundations of Religious Politics: Evidence from Indonesia
“Learning Norms from Stories: A Prior for Value Aligned Agents ”, Frazier et al 2019
Learning Norms from Stories: A Prior for Value Aligned Agents
“Analysis of Official Deceased Organ Donation Data Casts Doubt on the Credibility of China’s Organ Transplant Reform ”, Robertson et al 2019
“Peep Show—The Most Realistic Portrayal of Evil Ever Made ”, Lakeman 2019
“A Defense of Free-Roaming Cats from a Hedonist Account of Feline Well-Being ”, Abbate 2019
A Defense of Free-Roaming Cats from a Hedonist Account of Feline Well-being
“A Mulching Proposal ”, Keyes et al 2019
“Moral Permissibility of Action Plans ”, Lindner et al 2019
“The New Epidemic—My Experience of Losing a Friend to Heroin ”, Lakeman 2019
“Killing Rabbits ”, Válek 2019
“Reflections on China’s Stalinist Heritage II: Just How Totalitarian Is Modern China? ”, Greer 2019
Reflections on China’s Stalinist Heritage II: Just How Totalitarian is Modern China?
“Notes on Nggwal ”, Buckner 2019
“Radical Results: Gitcoin’s $25K Match—Results and Lessons Learned from Our First $25K in Matching ”, Singh 2019
Radical Results: Gitcoin’s $25K Match—Results and lessons learned from our first $25K in matching
“Gitcoin Grants: CLR Matching—Matching Contributions With up to $25,000 in Funding, in ETH ”, Singh 2019
Gitcoin Grants: CLR Matching—Matching contributions with up to $25,000 in funding, in ETH
“Reflections on China’s Stalinist Heritage I: A Tyrant’s Toolkit ”, Greer 2019
Reflections on China’s Stalinist Heritage I: A Tyrant’s Toolkit
“Subsidizing PGD: The Moral Case for Funding Genetic Selection ”, Kemper et al 2019
Subsidizing PGD: The Moral Case for Funding Genetic Selection :
“Frequently Overlooked Realistic Moral Bioenhancement Interventions ”, Conan 2019
Frequently overlooked realistic moral bioenhancement interventions
“Asymmetrical Genetic Attributions for Prosocial versus Antisocial Behavior ”, Lebowitz et al 2019
Asymmetrical genetic attributions for prosocial versus antisocial behavior
“Ideological Differences in the Expanse of the Moral Circle ”, Waytz et al 2019
“The Psychology of Existential Risk: Moral Judgments about Human Extinction ”, Schubert et al 2019
The Psychology of Existential Risk: Moral Judgments about Human Extinction
“Hillbilly Elegy—The Culture of White American Poverty ”, Lakeman 2018
“The High Abortion Cost of Human Reproduction ”, Rice 2018
“Vengeance As Justice: Passages I Highlighted in My Copy of Eye for an Eye ”, Greer 2018
Vengeance As Justice: Passages I Highlighted in My Copy of Eye for an Eye
“Islam and Economic Performance: Historical and Contemporary Links ”, Kuran 2018
Islam and Economic Performance: Historical and Contemporary Links
“Nozick’s Experience Machine: An Empirical Study ”, Hindriks & Douven 2017
“Relating Pattern Deviancy Aversion to Stigma and Prejudice ”, Gollwitzer et al 2017
“We Don’t Want to Know What Will Kill Us: Years of Data on Genetic Testing Reveal That When given the Option, Most People Want Less Information, Not More ”, Spinney 2017
“Willpower Satisficing ”, Chappell 2017
“Everything Is Worse in China ”, Greer 2017
“Genetic Predisposition to Obesity and Medicare Expenditures ”, Wehby et al 2017
“Experimental Studies on the Psychology of Property Rights ”, Haji 2017
“Men of Honor, Men of Interest ”, Greer 2016
“Doing versus Allowing Harm ”, Howard-Snyder & Woollard 2016
“Switching Away from Utilitarianism: The Limited Role of Utility Calculations in Moral Judgment ”, Sheskin & Baumard 2016
Switching Away from Utilitarianism: The Limited Role of Utility Calculations in Moral Judgment
“Toward a Naturalistic Theory of Moral Progress ”, Buchanan & Powell 2016
“101 Weird Writers #39: James Tiptree Junior ”
“The Unilateralist’s Curse and the Case for a Principle of Conformity ”, Bostrom et al 2016
The Unilateralist’s Curse and the Case for a Principle of Conformity
“Discontinuation and Nonpublication of Randomized Clinical Trials Conducted in Children ”
Discontinuation and Nonpublication of Randomized Clinical Trials Conducted in Children :
“Legal Roots of Authoritarian Rule in the Middle East: Civic Legacies of the Islamic Waqf ”, Kuran 2016
Legal Roots of Authoritarian Rule in the Middle East: Civic Legacies of the Islamic Waqf
Against Empathy: The Case for Rational Compassion, Bloom 2016
“Good Ventures: The Power of Informed Decisions ”, Arrillaga-Andreessen & Murray 2015
“Unsong § Interlude ט: The General Assembly ”, Alexander 2015
Unsong § Interlude ט: The General Assembly :
View External Link:
https://unsongbook.com/interlude-%D7%98-the-general-assembly/
“The Most Predictable Disaster in the History of the Human Race: This Is What Bill Gates Is Afraid Of ”, Klein 2015
The most predictable disaster in the history of the human race: This is what Bill Gates is afraid of
“Do Artificial Reinforcement-Learning Agents Matter Morally? ”, Tomasik 2014
“Meditations on Maoism—Ye Fu’s Hard Road Home ”, Greer 2014
“Use of Placebo Controls in the Evaluation of Surgery: Systematic Review ”, Wartolowska 2014
Use of placebo controls in the evaluation of surgery: systematic review
“Are You Morally Modified?: The Moral Effects of Widely Used Pharmaceuticals ”, Levy et al 2014
Are You Morally Modified?: The Moral Effects of Widely Used Pharmaceuticals
“Aztec Political Thought ”, Marquez 2013
“Water Cannot Return ”, Amichai & Sager 2013
“Seeing Life In the Distance ”, Sager 2013
“Who By Very Slow Decay ”, Alexander 2013
“Tolkien and Darwin Among the Machines ”, Summers-Stay 2013
“Refrigerator Safety Study: Case Study Analysis ”, Hunter 2013
“The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth: An Empirical Investigation ”, Davis & Knauss 2013
The moral consequences of economic growth: An empirical investigation
“The Strategic Consequences of Chinese Racism: A Strategic Asymmetry for the United States ”, Anonymous & Anonymous 2013
The Strategic Consequences of Chinese Racism: A Strategic Asymmetry for the United States
“Doing Enough ”
“The Fallacy of Human Freedom; Review [John Gray, The Silence of Animals: On Progress and Other Modern Myths (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2013), 288 Pp] ”, Merry 2013
“The Whispering Earring ”, Alexander 2012
“Metamagical Themas: Sanity and Survival ”, Hofstadter 2012
“Self-Experimentation and Its Role in Medical Research ”, Weisse 2012
“The Case against Ethics Review in the Social Sciences ”, Schrag 2011
“Outing the It That Thinks: The Collapse of an Intellectual Ecosystem ”, Bakker 2011
Outing the It that Thinks: The Collapse of an Intellectual Ecosystem
“Bugs and Beasts Before the Law ”, Humphrey 2011
“Is Empathy Necessary for Morality? ”, Prinz 2011
“Kant on Killing Bastards, on Masturbation, on Wives and Servants, on Organ Donation, Homosexuality, and Tyrants ”, Schwitzgebel 2010
“The Optimal Taxation of Height: A Case Study of Utilitarian Income Redistribution ”, Mankiw & Weinzierl 2010
The Optimal Taxation of Height: A Case Study of Utilitarian Income Redistribution
“Robots Should Be Slaves ”, Bryson 2010
“Stuff § Colonoscopy ”, Alexander 2009
“The Disadvantage of a Good Reputation: Disney As a Target for Social Problems Claims ”, Best & Lowney 2009
The Disadvantage of a Good Reputation: Disney as a Target for Social Problems Claims
“Three Worlds Collide [Index] ”, Yudkowsky 2009
“Male Rape and Human Rights ”, Stemple 2009
“Buddhist Animal Release Practices: Historic, Environmental, Public Health And Economic Concerns ”, Shiu & Stokes 2008
Buddhist Animal Release Practices: Historic, Environmental, Public Health And Economic Concerns
“Anesthetizing the Public Conscience: Lethal Injection and Animal Euthanasia ”, Alper 2008
Anesthetizing the Public Conscience: Lethal Injection and Animal Euthanasia
“Two Arms and a Head: The Death of a Newly Paraplegic Philosopher ”, Atreus 2008
Two Arms and a Head: The Death of a Newly Paraplegic Philosopher
“Yes, Jolonah, There Is a Hell ”, Ryding 2008
“A Rule Against Perpetuities For The 21st Century ”, Schneider 2007
“Damage to the Prefrontal Cortex Increases Utilitarian Moral Judgements ”, Koenigs et al 2007
Damage to the prefrontal cortex increases utilitarian moral judgements
“A Good List ”, Leithauser 2006
Good and Real: Demystifying Paradoxes from Physics to Ethics, Drescher 2006
Good and Real: Demystifying Paradoxes from Physics to Ethics
“The Paradox Of Beneficial Retirement ”, Smilansky 2005
“Forbidden Knowledge ”, Kempner et al 2005
“Jeremy Bentham on Slavery and the Slave Trade ”, Rosen 2005
Jeremy Bentham on Slavery and the Slave Trade :
View PDF:
“Incest Laws and Absent Taboos in Roman Egypt ”, Strong 2005
“Consider the Lobster: For 56 Years, the Maine Lobster Festival Has Been Drawing Crowds With the Promise of Sun, Fun, and Fine Food. One Visitor Would Argue That the Celebration Involves a Whole Lot More ”, Wallace 2004
“A Defense of Cannibalism ”, Wisnewski 2004
“The Psychologist Who Empathized With Rats: James Tiptree Junior As Alice B. Sheldon, PhD ”, Elms 2004
The Psychologist Who Empathized with Rats: James Tiptree Junior as Alice B. Sheldon, PhD
“Thinking the Unthinkable: Sacred Values and Taboo Cognitions ”, Tetlock 2003
Thinking the unthinkable: sacred values and taboo cognitions
“Policing Nature ”, Cowen 2003
“Richard Posner, The Bench Burner: How Did a Judge With Such Subversive Ideas Become a Leading Influence on American Legal Opinion? ”, MacFarquhar 2001
“Genetic Manipulation in Humans As a Matter of Rawlsian Justice ”, Brown 2001
Genetic Manipulation in Humans as a Matter of Rawlsian Justice
“Cornucopia: The Pace of Economic Growth in the 20th Century ”, DeLong 2000
“Parachuting for Charity: Is It worth the Money? A 5-Year Audit of Parachute Injuries in Tayside and the Cost to the NHS ”, Lee et al 1999
“The Simple Desire-Fulfillment Theory ”
The Simple Desire-Fulfillment Theory :
View PDF:
“Controlled Trials: the 1948 Watershed ”, Doll 1998
“Who Is Arguing About the Cat? Moral Action and Enlightenment According to Dōgen ”, Mikkelson 1997
Who Is Arguing About the Cat? Moral Action and Enlightenment According to Dōgen
“Buddhism and Ecology: The Interconnection of Dharma and Deeds ”, Tucker & Williams 1997
Buddhism and Ecology: The Interconnection of Dharma and Deeds :
“Superhumanism: According to Hans Moravec § On the Inevitability & Desirability of Human Extinction ”, Platt 1995
Superhumanism: According to Hans Moravec § On the Inevitability & Desirability of Human Extinction
“Medieval Monogamy ”, Betzig 1995
View PDF:
“The Irrelevance of the Medical Model of Mental Illness to Law and Ethics ”, Greenberg & Bailey 1994
The irrelevance of the medical model of mental illness to law and ethics
“Pigs and Guinea Pigs: A Note on the Ethics of Animal Exploitation ”, Blackorby & Donaldson 1992
Pigs and Guinea Pigs: A Note on the Ethics of Animal Exploitation :
“A Proposal to Classify Happiness As a Psychiatric Disorder ”, Bentall 1992
“The Kingfisher ”, Oliver 1990
“Of a Happy Life: Book 3 ”, Seneca 1990
“Pain and Its Effects in the Human Neonate and Fetus ”, Anand & Hickey 1987
“Leaving the Bomb Project: A Nuclear Physicist Responsible for Helping Design the Atomic Bomb Tells for the First Time Why He Decided to Leave Los Alamos in 1944 ”, Rotblat 1985
“Effectiveness of Measures to Prevent Unintentional Deaths of Infants and Children from Suffocation and Strangulation ”, Krauss 1985
“A Conversation With Jeanne ”, Miłosz 1984
“Putting Cruelty First ”, Shklar 1982
View PDF:
Montaillou: The Promised Land of Error: Ch2, the domus, Ladurie 1978
“In Praise of Self-Deprecation ”, Szymborska 1976
“Meet Shakey: the First Electronic Person—The Fascinating and Fearsome Reality of a Machine With a Mind of Its Own ”, Darrach 1970
“Behavior Of Young Children Under Conditions Simulating Entrapment In Refrigerators ”, Bain et al 1958
Behavior Of Young Children Under Conditions Simulating Entrapment In Refrigerators
“On Living in an Atomic Age ”, Lewis 1948
“Learning in War-Time ”, Lewis 1939
“The Wish Never To Have Been Born ”, Cavan 1932
“Nietzsche and Bizet ”, Klein 1925
View PDF:
“On the Part Played by Philosophy in the Progress of Man ”, Seneca & Gummere 1920
“The Ethics of Belief ”, Clifford 1877
“Thomas Jefferson to Isaac McPherson, 13 August 1813 ”, Jefferson 1813
“Some Unattractive Meta-Ethical Positions, Free to a Good Home ”
Some Unattractive Meta-Ethical Positions, Free to a Good Home :
“The Making of Final Fantasy VII ”
“Sébastien Moro on the Most Insane Things Fish Can Do ”, Moro 2025
“Aztec Moral Philosophy Didn’t Expect Anyone to Be a Saint ”
“The Moral Question That Stanford Asks Its Bioengineering Students ”
The Moral Question That Stanford Asks Its Bioengineering Students
“The Ethics of Reward Shaping ”
“After Century of Removing Appendixes, Docs Find Antibiotics Can Be Enough: In a Five-Year Follow-Up, Nearly Two-Thirds of Patients Never Needed Surgery ”
“About Me ”
“The High Cost of Not Doing Experiments ”
“Benjamin Todd ”
“A Good Volunteer Is Hard to Find ”
A good volunteer is hard to find :
View External Link:
https://blog.givewell.org/2011/07/13/a-good-volunteer-is-hard-to-find/
“Adventures in the Assessment of Animal Speed and Morality ”
Adventures in the Assessment of Animal Speed and Morality :
View External Link:
“CBD in Colorado: Seeking a Marijuana Miracle ”
“Two Concrete Ways to Help Feeder Rodents ”
“Ultra-Near-Termism: Literally An Idea Whose Time Has Come ”
“1972 Talk at CERN on Scientific Research ”, Grothendieck 2025
“Some Key Numbers That Every Effective Altruist Should Know ”, benthamite 2025
Some key numbers that every Effective Altruist should know :
“The Importance of Wild-Animal Suffering ”
The Importance of Wild-Animal Suffering :
View External Link:
https://longtermrisk.org/the-importance-of-wild-animal-suffering/
“How Big a Deal Was the Industrial Revolution? ”
“The Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART) Represents More Than 85% of the Assisted Reproduction Industry. SART Requires That Its Members Work Only With Agencies That Limit Compensation to Egg-Donors to around $5,000 or a Maximum of $10,000 (Figures Decided upon by the Ethics Committee of an Affiliated Organization, The American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM)). In Other Words, ASRM-SART Acts As a Buyer’s Cartel. ”
“Hacking the Holocaust. Remembering the Data Pirates, Forgers ”, Machina 2025
Hacking the Holocaust. Remembering the data pirates, forgers
“Rob Wiblin Interviews Tyler on Stubborn Attachments (BONUS) ”
“99 Reasons 2017 Was A Great Year ”, Crunch 2025
“Front Matter Human Genome Editing: Science, Ethics, and Governance ”
Front Matter Human Genome Editing: Science, Ethics, and Governance
“Philosophical Disquisitions: The Reversal Test and Status Quo Bias ”
Philosophical Disquisitions: The Reversal Test and Status Quo Bias :
“Legalism in Chinese Philosophy ”
Legalism in Chinese Philosophy :
View External Link:
“Mohism ”
Mohism :
View External Link:
“Moral Anti-Realism ”
“Probability in Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy ”
Probability in Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy :
View External Link:
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/probability-medieval-renaissance/
“The Right Not to Know: When Ignorance Is Bliss but Deadly ”
“The Reaction to the Harper’s Letter on Cancel Culture Proves Why It Was Necessary: I Was One of the 153 Signers and Am a Veteran of the Twitter Wars. But Even I Was Taken Aback by the Swift, Virulent Response. ”
“Is There Suffering in Fundamental Physics? ”
“Redirecting The Scholar’s Stage ”
“On the Science and Ethics of Ebola Treatments ”
“Volunteers: Nonprofits Really Want Their Money, Not Their Bodies ”
Volunteers: Nonprofits really want their money, not their bodies :
“Newtonian Ethics ”
View External Link:
“Meditations on Moloch ”
“Vegetarianism for Meat-Eaters ”
Vegetarianism for Meat-Eaters :
View External Link:
https://slatestarcodex.com/2015/09/23/vegetarianism-for-meat-eaters/
“Book Review: House of God ”
View External Link:
https://slatestarcodex.com/2016/11/10/book-review-house-of-god/
“Fear And Loathing At Effective Altruism Global 2017 ”
“My IRB Nightmare ”
View External Link:
“Samsara ”
“Another Empty, Lifeless Planet Found ”
“The Sound of Evil ”
“6-Year-Old Stares Down Bottomless Abyss Of Formal Schooling ”
“Millions and Millions Dead ”
“Study: Wolf Attacks Still Leading Cause Of Death In U.S. ”
“Trope: ‘Kick the Dog’ ”, TVTropes 2025
“‘Ethics’ Is Advertising ”
“After 92 Years, Millionaire Miser’s Heirs Finally Split $100M ”
After 92 years, millionaire miser’s heirs finally split $100M :
“The Great Penguin Sweater Fiasco ”
“A Walking Time Bomb? The Trouble With Ira Glass’s Dog, Piney ”
A Walking Time Bomb? The Trouble With Ira Glass’s Dog, Piney :
“‘Stubborn Attachments’: Full Text – Stubborn Attachments – Medium ”
‘Stubborn Attachments’: Full Text – Stubborn Attachments – Medium :
“Back in the USSR: What Life Was like in the Soviet Union ”
Back in the USSR: What life was like in the Soviet Union :
View HTML (22MB):
/doc/www/www.adamsmith.org/a8c839cac01f1135abf9c5773bece0f7d5dca178.html
“Values in the Wild: Discovering and Analyzing Values in Real-World Language Model Interactions ”
Values in the wild: Discovering and analyzing values in real-world language model interactions
“Eulogy to the Obits ”, Balwit 2025
“Raising Welfare for Lab Rodents ”
“Your Book Review: Dominion [Animal Rights] ”
“Your Book Review: Two Arms and a Head ”
“Extracts from Hyperion: Oceanus ”
“Why Insects Are More Sensitive Than They Seem ”
“The Government Has Fiercely Decried a Shenzhen Scientist’s Gene Editing, in Contrast to Its Push past Ethical Barriers in AI ”
“Picking Embryos With Best Health Odds Sparks New DNA Debate: Science Could Allow Parents to Select for Taller, Smarter Kids; It’s Just Another Way of Preventing Disease ”
“Storm Over Biology ”
“Does Power Really Corrupt? ”
“Speaking Freely: Ada Palmer ”
“Machiavelli V: Why We Keep Asking ‘Was Machiavelli an Atheist?’ ”
Machiavelli V: Why We Keep Asking ‘Was Machiavelli an Atheist?’
“Suicide of the Liberals ”, Morson 2025
“Child Expert Grants Dying Boy’s Wish to Have Sex ”
“Trust Issues ”
“Family Division President Sir Andrew McFarlane Sounds Warning over ‘Astonishing’ Surrogacy ”
Family Division president Sir Andrew McFarlane sounds warning over ‘astonishing’ surrogacy
“Humans Are Utility Monsters ”
View External Link:
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/XfpJ6WQBDcEcC8Mu4/humans-are-utility-monsters
“Mike Darwin on Animal Research, Moral Cowardice, and Reasoning in an Uncaring Universe ”
Mike Darwin on animal research, moral cowardice, and reasoning in an uncaring universe :
“Normal Cryonics ”
View External Link:
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/hiDkhLyN5S2MEjrSE/normal-cryonics
“Nonprofit Boards Are Weird ”, Karnofsky 2025
“Not By Empathy Alone ”
View External Link:
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/vAsQNjW3gbiskP9Wf/not-by-empathy-alone
“Risks of Astronomical Suffering (S-Risks) ”
Risks of Astronomical Suffering (S-risks) :
View External Link:
https://www.lesswrong.com/w/risks-of-astronomical-suffering-s-risks
“China’s Bid to Be a DNA Superpower: First China Conquered DNA Sequencing. Now It Wants to Dominate Precision Medicine Too ”
“How To Be Good ”
“Last Call ”
“Spalding Gray’s Catastrophe ”
“Killing Animals at the Zoo ”
“The Comforting Fictions of Dementia Care ”
“The Ethics of Bloodless Medicine ”
“The Joys And Ethics Of Insect Eating ”
“Infants’ Sense of Pain Is Recognized, Finally ”
“She Told the Family of a Severely Disabled Man That She Could Help Him to Communicate With the outside World. The Relationship That Followed Would Lead to a Criminal Trial. ”
“Should Parents of Children With Severe Disabilities Be Allowed to Stop Their Growth? ”
Should Parents of Children With Severe Disabilities Be Allowed to Stop Their Growth?
“Human Gene Editing Receives Science Panel’s Support ”
“The Struggle to Build a Massive ‘Biobank’ of Patient Data ”
“Some Case Studies in Early Field Growth ”
“Ancestor Worship Is Efficient ”
“Covert Virtue – the Signal That Doesn’t Bark? ”
“Let Us Give To Future ”
“Parable of the Multiplier Hole ”
“Under the Rule of Amida Buddha ”
Under the Rule of Amida Buddha :
View External Link:
https://www.palladiummag.com/2021/08/09/under-the-rule-of-amida-buddha/
“Expected Value without Expecting Value ”
“We Laughed at the Republican Busybody Who Couldn’t Joke, Declared War on Dirty Paintings, and Peered through Your Bedroom Window. Now That Person Has Switched Sides, and Nobody’s Laughing ”
“The American Press Is Destroying Itself ”
“Living like a Dead Man ”
View External Link:
https://www.ribbonfarm.com/2013/11/13/the-gooseberry-fallacy/
“The Colossal Government Failure That Obstructed a Potentially Major Medical Breakthrough ”
The colossal government failure that obstructed a potentially major medical breakthrough :
“Genetic Testing of Embryos Is Creating an Ethical Morass ”
“A Doctor and Medical Ethicist Argues Life After 75 Is Not worth Living ”
A doctor and medical ethicist argues life after 75 is not worth living :
“Why Is Russia So Homophobic? ”
“The Force That Drives the Flower ”
“When Your Child Is a Psychopath ”
“Do Animals Have Feelings? ”
“Why Do Republican Leaders Continue to Enable Trump ”
“Fighting for My Son With Cystic Fibrosis ”
“Do Elephants Have Souls? ”
“This American Life #480 § 3. Animal Sacrifice ”, Glass 2025
“Barbra Streisand Is Not Alone. At a South Korean Laboratory, an Once-Disgraced Doctor Is Replicating Hundreds of Deceased Pets for the Rich and Famous. It’s Made for More Than a Few Questions of Bioethics. ”
View External Link:
https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2018/08/dog-cloning-animal-sooam-hwang
“Plant-Based Meat like Beyond and Impossible Burgers Get Their Beefy Taste from Flavorists ”
Plant-based meat like Beyond and Impossible burgers get their beefy taste from flavorists
“Fatal Distraction: Forgetting a Child in the Backseat of a Car Is a Horrifying Mistake. Is It a Crime? ”
“Discounts, Guarantees and the Search for ‘Good’ Genes: The Booming Fertility Business ”
Discounts, guarantees and the search for ‘good’ genes: The booming fertility business
“A New Age of Genetic Screening Is Coming—And We Don’t Have Any Rules for It: New ‘Polygenic’ Screening Techniques Open a Pandora’s Box of Ethical Issues ”
“Even China Roundly Condemns Editing the Genes of Babies ”
“Wirehead Hedonism versus Paradise-Engineering ”
“YourMorals ”
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narrative-ethics
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Wikipedia (21)
Miscellaneous
https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/13/opinion/genetics-nature-nurture-sociogenomics.html/doc/existential-risk/2016-lipsitch.pdf:View PDF:
/doc/philosophy/ethics/2015-06-24-jai-thecopenhageninterpretationofethics.html:/doc/fiction/science-fiction/2012-yvain-thelasttemptationofchrist.html:/doc/philosophy/ethics/2008-10-29-hognotes-worldsofsufferinganinterviewwithalandawrst.html:/doc/philosophy/ethics/2007-greene.pdf:View PDF:
/doc/philosophy/ethics/2004-04-12-sage-leonkass-agelessbodiesandhappysoulsinterview.html:/doc/philosophy/ethics/2004-keller.pdf:View PDF:
/doc/philosophy/ethics/1995-loeb.pdf:View PDF:
/doc/fiction/science-fiction/1990-dansimmons-thefallofhyperion-ch41-ummonquotesoceanus.png/doc/philosophy/ethics/1989-lewis.pdf:View PDF:
/doc/philosophy/ethics/1988-velleman.pdf:View PDF:
/doc/philosophy/ethics/1986-carse-finiteandinfinitegames.pdf:/doc/philosophy/ethics/1963-02-01-susansontag-simoneweil.html:/doc/philosophy/ethics/1558-bruegeltheelder-landscapewiththefalloficarus-crop.jpg:/doc/philosophy/ethics/1558-bruegeltheelder-landscapewiththefalloficarus.jpg:https://80000hours.org/after-hours-podcast/episodes/andres-jimenez-zorrilla-shrimp-welfare-project/:https://aeon.co/essays/why-keeping-a-pet-is-fundamentally-unethicalhttps://cdn.centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/2009/09/22164425/p44.pdf:https://ctlj.colorado.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Meyer-final.pdf:https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Garden_of_Proserpine:View External Link:
https://hope.econ.duke.edu/sites/hope.econ.duke.edu/files/Banzhaf.pdf:https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1037969X17694787https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/the-pets-war-on-hilda-keans-the-great-cat-and-dog-massacre/:https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12119-021-09901-1https://nintil.com/2017/12/28/a-breakthrough-in-moral-psychology/:View External Link:
https://nintil.com/2017/12/28/a-breakthrough-in-moral-psychology/https://reason.com/2023/01/14/a-modern-history-of-groomer-politics/https://thingofthings.substack.com/p/book-review-do-fish-feel-painhttps://www.amazon.com/Ending-Medical-Reversal-Improving-Outcomes/dp/1421417723https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/book-review-from-oversight-to-overkillhttps://www.badscience.net/2011/03/when-ethics-committees-kill/https://www.becker-posner-blog.com/2006/12/charitable-foundations--posners-comment.html:https://www.econlib.org/valuable-student-exercises/:View External Link:
https://www.lesswrong.com/lw/gln/a_brief_history_of_ethically_concerned_scientists/:https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/etoMr4vcnP7joQHWa/notes-from-a-prompt-factoryhttps://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1949/09/17/the-sound-machinehttps://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/08/28/is-beekeeping-wronghttps://www.newyorker.com/science/annals-of-medicine/how-ecmo-is-redefining-deathhttps://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/20/opinion/sunday/being-good-isnt-the-only-way-to-go.htmlhttps://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/29/health/guy-alexandre-dead.htmlhttps://www.palladiummag.com/2023/03/03/bill-gates-has-perfected-managerial-philanthropy/:https://www.reddit.com/r/HobbyDrama/comments/mxcq2i/video_game_creatures_or_how_the_us_navy/:https://www.scu.edu/ethics/focus-areas/business-ethics/resources/seven-signs-of-ethical-collapse/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09515089.2021.1946026https://www.theonion.com/world-death-rate-holding-steady-at-100-percent-1819564171https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2023/4/11/23673393/pets-dogs-cats-animal-welfare-boredom
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https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2025-38773-001.html: “The Bigger the Problem the Littler: When the Scope of a Problem Makes It Seem Less Dangerous ”,2024-tabarrok.pdf: “The Economic Way of Thinking in a Pandemic ”,https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/20/magazine/family-genetics-frontotemporal-dementia.html: “The Vanishing Family: They All Have a 50-50 Chance of Inheriting a Cruel Genetic Mutation—Which Means Disappearing into Dementia in Middle Age. This Is the Story of What It’s like to Live With Those Odds ”,https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.14308#google: “Let’s Do a Thought Experiment: Using Counterfactuals to Improve Moral Reasoning ”,https://www.thenationalnews.com/health/2022/09/07/woman-who-can-smell-parkinsons-helps-scientists-develop-new-test-for-condition/: “Woman Who Can Smell Parkinson’s Helps Scientists Develop New Test for Condition—Joy Milne, 72, Who Lives in Scotland Has Been Dubbed ‘the Woman Who Can Smell Parkinson’s ”,2022-wang-7.pdf: “Permitting Immoral Behavior: A Generalized Compensation Belief Hypothesis ”,https://www.cesifo.org/DocDL/cesifo1_wp9504.pdf#page=3: “Can Schools Change Religious Attitudes? Evidence from German State Reforms of Compulsory Religious Education ”,https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/2stcv/: “Moral Disciplining: the Cognitive and Evolutionary Foundations of Puritanical Morality ”,https://www.overcomingbias.com/p/why-we-fight-over-fictionhtml: “Why We Fight Over Fiction ”,1985-hofstadter: “Metamagical Themas: Sanity and Survival ”,2010-bryson.pdf: “Robots Should Be Slaves ”,2005-kempner.pdf: “Forbidden Knowledge ”,1985-rotblat.pdf: “Leaving the Bomb Project: A Nuclear Physicist Responsible for Helping Design the Atomic Bomb Tells for the First Time Why He Decided to Leave Los Alamos in 1944 ”,1970-darrach.pdf: “Meet Shakey: the First Electronic Person—The Fascinating and Fearsome Reality of a Machine With a Mind of Its Own ”,