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‘spaced repetition’ directory

⁠“Spaced Repetition for Efficient Learning ”⁠, ⁠Gwern⁠2009 (, , , ; ⁠backlinks⁠, ⁠similar⁠, ⁠bibliography⁠):

Conceptual graph comparing massed review and spaced repetition review effects on the probability of remembering a fact: massed works better initially, but the memory steadily decays away, while spaced repetition restores it regularly, locking it in place.

Ef­fi­cient mem­o­riza­tion using the spac­ing ef­fect: lit­er­a­ture re­view of wide­spread ap­plic­a­bil­ity, tips on use & what it’s good for.

Spaced rep­e­ti­tion is a centuries-old psy­cho­log­i­cal tech­nique for ef­fi­cient mem­o­riza­tion & prac­tice of skills where in­stead of at­tempt­ing to mem­o­rize by ‘cram­ming’, mem­o­riza­tion can be done far more ef­fi­ciently by in­stead spac­ing out each re­view, with in­creas­ing du­ra­tions as one learns the item, with the sched­ul­ing done by soft­ware. Be­cause of the greater ef­fi­ciency of its slow but steady ap­proach, spaced rep­e­ti­tion can scale to mem­o­riz­ing hun­dreds of thou­sands of items (while crammed items are al­most im­me­di­ately for­got­ten) and is es­pe­cially use­ful for for­eign lan­guages & med­ical stud­ies.

I re­view what this tech­nique is use­ful for, some of the large re­search lit­er­a­ture on it and the test­ing ef­fect (up to ~2013, pri­mar­ily), the avail­able soft­ware tools and use pat­terns, and mis­cel­la­neous ideas & ob­ser­va­tions on it.

Back­links:⁠

Sim­i­lar Links:⁠

Bib­li­og­ra­phy:⁠

See Also

Gwern

“Spaced Repetition for Efficient Learning ”, Gwern 2009

“Prediction Markets ”, Gwern 2009

“Treadmill Desk Observations ”, Gwern 2012

Miscellaneous