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‘emergenesis’ directory

Some complex human traits like the physical traits of facial appearance or voice, or the psychological traits of leadership or genius appear highly genetically-caused, as shown by relatedness (especially identical twins), while still being extremely rare and unpredictable, and not fitting the standard infintesimal model.

A proposal for resolving this is emergenesis: such genetic traits are highly nonlinear and non-additive (epistasis or dominance/recessive), depending on many traits simultaneously, and failing otherwise. This yields familialness but rarity/unpredictability—identical twins or clones will be highly similar, but siblings little more similar than the general population.

Truly ex­cep­tional in­di­vid­u­als, weak or strong, are, by de­f­i­n­i­tion, to be found at the ex­tremes of sta­tis­ti­cal curves…Since each in­di­vid­ual pro­duced by the sex­ual process con­tains an unique set of genes, very ex­cep­tional com­bi­na­tions of genes are un­likely to ap­pear twice even within the same fam­ily. So if ge­nius is to any ex­tent hered­i­tary, it winks on and off through the gene pool in a way that would be dif­fi­cult to mea­sure or pre­dict. Like Sisy­phus rolling his boul­der up to the top of the hill only to have it tum­ble down again, the human gene pool cre­ates hered­i­tary ge­nius in many ways in many places only to have it come apart in the next gen­er­a­tion.

E.O. Wil­son⁠, On Human Na­ture 1978

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