{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-} module LinkAuto (linkAuto, linkAutoHtml5String, linkAutoFiltered, linkAutoTest) where {- LinkAuto.hs: search a Pandoc document for pre-defined regexp patterns, and turn matching text into a hyperlink. Author: Gwern Branwen Date: 2021-06-23 When: Time-stamp: "2026-04-20 10:35:03 gwern" License: CC-0 This is useful for automatically defining concepts, terms, and proper names using a single master updated list of regexp/URL pairs. (Terms like "BERT" or "GPT-3" or "RoBERTa" are too hard to all define manually on every appearance, particularly in abstracts/annotations which themselves may be generated automatically, so it makes more sense to try to do it automatically.) Regexps are guarded with space/punctuation/string-end-begin delimiters, to try to avoid problems of greedy rewrites (eg. "GAN" vs "BigGAN"). Regexps are sorted by length, longest-first, to further try to prioritize (so "BigGAN" would match before "GAN"). For efficiency, we avoid String type conversion as much as possible. Regexp matching is done only within a Str node; therefore, mixed-formatting strings will not match. If a match is all inside italics/bold/smallcaps (eg. 'Emph [Str x]'), then it will match; if a match is split (eg. '...Str x1, Emph [Str x2], ...'), then it will fail. A document is queried for URLs and all URLs already present or regexps without plain text matches are removed from the rewrite dictionary. This usually lets a document be skipped entirely as having no possible non-redundant matches. Then, we walk the AST, running each remaining regexp against Str nodes. When there is a match, the matching substring is then rewritten to be a Link with the URL & class `link-auto` for the first regexp that matches. After the regexp pass, we do an additional cleanup pass. How should we handle the case of a phrase like "GAN" or "GPT-3" appearing potentially scores or hundreds of times in page? Do we really want to hyperlink *all* of them? Probably not. For the cleanup pass, we track 'seen' `link-auto` links in a Set, and if a link has been seen before, we remove it, leaving the text annotated with a simple Span 'link-auto-skipped' class. This can be deleted in post-processing to avoid cluttering the HTML with metadata only relevant to compile-time. Bugs: will annotate phrases inside `Header` nodes, which breaks HTML validation. Does not attempt to handle `RawInline` or `RawBlock`, so writing raw HTML like `foo` will not be detected for the purposes of rewrite-short-circuiting or possibly rewriting at all. Dependencies: Pandoc, text, regex-tdfa, /static/build/Utils.hs, /static/build/Query.hs -} import Data.Char (isPunctuation, isSpace) import Data.Containers.ListUtils (nubOrd) import qualified Data.Set as S (empty, fromList, insert, member, Set) import qualified Data.Text as T (append, head, intercalate, length, last, replace, singleton, tail, init, pack, unpack, Text) import Control.Monad.State (evalState, get, put, State) import Text.Pandoc (topDown, nullAttr, readerExtensions, def, writeHtml5String, pandocExtensions, runPure, readHtml, Pandoc(..), Inline(Link,Image,Code,Span,Str), nullMeta, Block(Para)) import Text.Pandoc.Walk (walk, walkM) import Text.Regex.TDFA as R (makeRegex, match, matchTest, Regex) -- regex-tdfa supports `(T.Text,T.Text,T.Text)` instance, to avoid packing/unpacking String matches; it is maybe 4x slower than pcre-heavy, but should have fewer Unicode & correctness/segfault/strange-closure issues (native Text, and useful splitting), so to save my sanity... BUG: TDFA seems to have slow Text instances: https://github.com/haskell-hvr/regex-tdfa/issues/9 import Data.List (sortBy) import Text.Pandoc (Pandoc(..), Inline(Link,Quoted,Space,Str), Block(Para)) -- import Utils (setLike) import Utils (addClass, frequency, simplifiedDoc, safeHtmlWriterOptions, cleanUpDivsEmpty, cleanUpSpans, inlinesToText) import Query (extractURLs) import Typography (mergeSpaces) -- import qualified Config.LinkAuto as C (customSorted, linkAutoTests) ----------- -- turn first instance of a list of regex matches into hyperlinks in a Pandoc document. NOTE: this is best run as early as possible, because it is doing raw string matching, and any formatting or changing of phrases may break a match, but after running link syntax rewrites like the interwiki links (otherwise you'll wind up inserting WP links into pages that already have that WP link, just linked as `[foo](!W)`.) linkAuto :: Pandoc -> Pandoc linkAuto p@(Pandoc _ []) = p linkAuto p = linkAutoFiltered id p linkAutoInline2Doc :: [Inline] -> Pandoc linkAutoInline2Doc test = let doc = Pandoc nullMeta [Para test] in linkAuto doc linkAutoTest :: [([Inline], Pandoc, Pandoc)] linkAutoTest = map (\(inline', doc') -> (inline', doc', linkAutoInline2Doc inline')) $ filter (\(inline, doc) -> linkAutoInline2Doc inline /= doc) linkAutoTests -- wrapper convenience function: run LA over a HTML string, return HTML string linkAutoHtml5String :: String -> String linkAutoHtml5String "" = "" linkAutoHtml5String s = let clean = runPure $ do pandoc <- readHtml def{readerExtensions=pandocExtensions} (T.pack s) let pandoc' = linkAuto pandoc fmap T.unpack $ writeHtml5String safeHtmlWriterOptions pandoc' in case clean of Left e -> error $ show e ++ " : " ++ s Right output -> output -- if we want to run on just a subset of links (eg. remove all resulting links to Wikipedia, or delete a specific regexp match), we can pass in a filter: linkAutoFiltered :: ([(T.Text, T.Text)] -> [(T.Text, T.Text)]) -> Pandoc -> Pandoc linkAutoFiltered subsetter p = let plain = simplifiedDoc p :: T.Text -- cache the plain text of the document in let customDefinitions' = filterMatches plain $ filterDefinitions p (customDefinitions subsetter) in if null customDefinitions' then p else topDown cleanUpDivsEmpty $ topDown cleanUpSpans $ cleanupNestedLinks $ annotateFirstDefinitions $ walk (defineLinks customDefinitions') p ----------- -- Walk a Pandoc document; find the first instance of every auto-definition and mark it with the HTML/CSS class `definition-auto-first`; skip any further examples of that particular defined word. -- This lets one add CSS to highlight *just* the first definition and skip the rest; this is difficult/impossible to do in CSS alone, so requires either preprocessing or runtime JS annotateFirstDefinitions :: Pandoc -> Pandoc annotateFirstDefinitions doc = evalState (walkM addFirstDefn doc) S.empty where addFirstDefn :: Inline -> State (S.Set T.Text) Inline addFirstDefn x@(Link a@(_,classes,_) il c@(t,_)) = if "link-auto" `elem` classes then do st <- get if S.member t st then return $ addClass "link-auto-skipped" $ Span nullAttr il -- Useful for debugging to annotate spans of text which *would* have been Links. else do let st' = S.insert t st put st' return $ addClass "link-auto-first" $ Span nullAttr [Link a il c] else return x addFirstDefn x = return x -- HACK: Somehow we can, very rarely on Gwern.net (maybe a dozen cases site-wide) wind up with Links nested inside of Links, despite attempts to block the substitution going too deep in `defineLinks`. This is bad, and also generates invalid HTML of nested s. -- I can't figure out what is going on, and this may be related to various weird issues which makes me suspect that Pandoc's traverse operations aren't *quite* defined right. -- So, as a workaround, let's walk the AST looking for any nested Links, and erasing the Link wrapper. cleanupNestedLinks :: Pandoc -> Pandoc cleanupNestedLinks = topDown go where go :: Inline -> Inline go (Link (a,b,c) is (f,g)) = Link (a,b,c) (walk goDeeper is) (f,g) go x = x -- we must be inside a Link's [Inline], so strip any Links we find for their [Inline] anchor text goDeeper :: Inline -> Inline goDeeper (Link _ is _) = Str $ inlinesToText is -- Span nullAttr is goDeeper x = x ----------- defineLinks :: [(T.Text, R.Regex, T.Text)] -> [Inline] -> [Inline] defineLinks [] x = x defineLinks dict is = concatMap go $ mergeSpaces is where go :: Inline -> [Inline] go (Str "") = [] -- TODO: all these guards don't work; we want to skip recursion into some Inline types to avoid useless markup, but both `bottomUp`/`walk` create links anyway, and `topDown` seems to infinitely loop? go x@Link{} = [x] -- skip links because can't have link inside link go x@Image{} = [x] -- likewise go x@Code{} = [x] go (Span a x) = [Span a (concatMap go x)] go x@(Str a) = case findRegexMatch dict (T.replace " " " " a) of Nothing -> [x] Just (before,"",after, _) -> go (Str before) ++ go (Str after) -- NOTE: our regexps must delimit on space/punctuation, which puts the matched character *inside* `matched` instead of `before`/`after`; -- unfortunately, if we move it inside the Link, this will look bad when Links get their underlining decoration -- in-browser (if it's a space, it'll be a weird extended underline, and if it's punctuation, it's not usually included in a link and looks inconsistent). -- So we do this song & dance to figure out if the link was *before* or *after*, remove it from the Link, -- and stick a prefix or suffix replacement space/punctuation. In retrospect, it might've been better to use capture groups... Just (before,matched,after, defn) -> go (Str before) ++ -- NOTE: we need to recurse *before* as well after, because 'findRegexMatch' short-circuits on the first match -- but there may be a later regexp which would match somewhere in the prefix. let frst = T.head matched in let lst = T.last matched in (if isSpace frst || isPunctuation frst then if isSpace lst || isPunctuation lst then -- NOTE: we do *not* set .backlink-not because we want automatic links to count just as much as a hand-written link (eg. if an Arxiv abstract mentions GPT-3, then when it gets auto-linked to Brown et al 2020, then that should count just as much as if I had edited the abstract by hand - both mentions are relevant and should show up in Brown et al 2020's backlinks); cases where backlinks are not desirable from a link should be handled elsewhere, like Wikipedia links where backlinks are undesirable & that is already handled by the interwiki code [Str $ T.singleton frst, Link ("",["link-auto"],[]) [Str $ T.init $ T.tail matched] (defn, ""), Str $ T.singleton lst] else [Str $ T.singleton frst, Link ("",["link-auto"],[]) [Str $ T.tail matched] (defn, "")] else if lst == ' ' || isPunctuation lst then [Link ("",["link-auto"],[]) [Str $ T.init matched] (defn, ""), Str $ T.singleton lst] else [Link ("",["link-auto"],[]) [Str matched] (defn, "")]) ++ go (Str after) go x = [x] -- Recurse through the dictionary (which should be long-first) to find the first matching regexp, since the master regexp blob matched the string. findRegexMatch :: [(T.Text, R.Regex, T.Text)] -> T.Text -> Maybe (T.Text, T.Text, T.Text, T.Text) findRegexMatch [] _ = Nothing findRegexMatch ((_,r,u):rs) s = let (a,b,c) = R.match r s in if b/="" then Just (a,b,c,u) else findRegexMatch rs s -- Optimization: take a set of definitions, and a document; query document for existing URLs; if a -- URL is already present, drop it from the definition list. -- This avoids redundancy with links added by hand or other filters. -- -- NOTE: This can be used to disable link rewrites by manually adding a link. In cases of self-links -- (eg. /modafinil will contain the word 'modafinil' and get a rewrite to /modafinil, leading to a -- useless self-link), it is easier to add a link to disable the rewrite than to figure out how to -- filter out that one exact rewrite only on that page. This link can be hidden to avoid distracting -- the reader. -- So to disable the modafinil rewrite on /modafinil, one could insert into the Markdown a line like: -- `[null](/modafinil){.display-not} ` filterDefinitions :: Pandoc -> [(T.Text, R.Regex, T.Text)] -> [(T.Text, R.Regex, T.Text)] filterDefinitions p = let allLinks = S.fromList $ map (T.replace "https://gwern.net/" "/") $ extractURLs p in filter (\(_,_,linkTarget) -> linkTarget `notElem` allLinks) -- Optimization: try to prune a set of definitions and a document. Convert document to plain text, -- and do a global search; if a regexp matches the plain text, it may or may not match the AST, but -- if it does not match the plain text, it should never match the AST? -- Since generally <1% of regexps will match anywhere in the document, doing a single global check -- lets us discard that regexp completely, and not check at every node. So we can trade off doing -- 𝒪(R × Nodes) regexp checks for doing 𝒪(R + Nodes) + plain-text-compilation, which in practice -- turns out to be a *huge* performance gain (>30×?) here. -- Hypothetically, we can optimize this further: we can glue together regexps to binary search the -- list for matching regexps, giving something like 𝒪(log R) passes. Alternately, it may be possible -- to create a 'regexp trie' where the leaves are associated with each original regexp, and search -- the trie in parallel for all matching leaves. filterMatches :: T.Text -> [(T.Text, R.Regex, T.Text)] -> [(T.Text, R.Regex, T.Text)] filterMatches plain definitions = if T.length plain < 10000 then -- for short texts like annotations, the recursive tree is extremely expensive, so just do the straight-line version: if not (matchTest allRegex plain) then [] else filter (\(_,r,_) -> matchTest r plain) definitions -- if long (>10k characters), we start the tree slog: else filterMatch True definitions where allRegex :: R.Regex -- in the default case of all regexes are valid (because nothing could be filtered out), use the precompiled top-level all-regex Regex value for efficiency, else, create a new one: allRegex = masterRegex definitions -- if map (\(a,_,_) -> a) definitions == map fst custom then masterRegexAll else masterRegex definitions -- Optimization: we can glue together regexps to binary search the list for matching regexps, giving something like 𝒪(log R) passes. -- divide-and-conquer recursion: if we have 1 regexp left to test, test it and return if matches or empty list otherwise; -- if we have more than one regexp, test the full list; if none match, return empty list, otherwise, split in half, and recurse on each half. filterMatch :: Bool -> [(T.Text, R.Regex, T.Text)] -> [(T.Text, R.Regex, T.Text)] filterMatch _ [] = [] filterMatch _ [d] = [d | matchTest (masterRegex [d]) plain] -- only one match left, base case -- if none of the regexps match, quit; if any match, then decide whether the remaining list is short enough to check 1 by 1, or if -- it is long enough that we should try to split it up into sublists and fork out the recursive call; doing a 'wide' recursion *should* be a lot faster than a binary tree filterMatch skipCheck ds -- for the very first iteration (called from `filterMatches`), we want to skip the master regex because it will be huge and slow. -- So, immediately descend: | skipCheck = concatMap (filterMatch False . return) ds | not (matchTest (masterRegex ds) plain) = [] | otherwise = concatMap (filterMatch False . return) ds -- create a simple heuristic master regexp using alternation out of all possible regexes, for the heuristic check 'filterMatches'. WARNING: Depending on the regex library, just alternating regexes (rather than using a regexp trie) could potentially trigger an exponential explosion in RAM usage... masterRegex :: [(T.Text, R.Regex, T.Text)] -> R.Regex masterRegex ds = R.makeRegex $ T.intercalate "|" $ map (\(a,_,_) -> a) ds -- masterRegexAll :: R.Regex -- masterRegexAll = masterRegex (customDefinitions id) -- We want to match our given regexps by making them 'word-level' and matching on punctuation/whitespace delimiters. This avoids subword matches, for example, matching 'GAN' in 'StyleGAN' is undesirable. customDefinitionsR :: [(T.Text, T.Text)] -> [(T.Text, R.Regex, T.Text)] customDefinitionsR = map (\(a,b) -> (a, R.makeRegex $ "[[:punct:][:blank:]]"`T.append`a`T.append`"[[:punct:][:blank:]]", b)) ----------- -- validate and error out immediately if there are bad rewrites defined definitionsValidate :: [(T.Text, T.Text)] -> [(T.Text, T.Text)] definitionsValidate defs | nubOrd (map fst defs) /= map fst defs = error $ "LinkAuto fatal error: Definition keys are not unique! Definitions: " ++ show (frequency $ map fst defs) | nubOrd (map snd defs) /= map snd defs = error $ "LinkAuto fatal error: Definition values are not unique! Definitions: " ++ show (frequency $ map snd defs) | otherwise = defs -- Create sorted (by length) list of (string/compiled-regexp/substitution) tuples. -- This can be filtered on the third value to remove redundant matches, and the first value can be -- concatenated into a single master regexp. -- Possible future feature: instead of returning a simple 'T.Text' value as the definition, which is -- substituted by the rewrite code into a 'Link' element (the knowledge of which is hardwired), one -- could instead return a 'T.Text -> Inline' function instead (making the type '[(T.Text, R.Regex, -- (T.Text -> Inline))]'), to insert an arbitrary 'Inline' (not necessarily a Link, or possibly a -- custom kind of Link). This would be a much more general form of text rewriting, which could -- support other features, such as turning into multiple links (eg. one link for each word in a -- phrase), abbreviated phrases (a shorthand could be expanded to a Span containing arbitrary -- '[Inline]'), transclusion of large blocks of text, simplified DSLs of sorts, etc. The standard -- link substitution boilerplate would be provided by a helper function like 'link :: T.Text -> -- (T.Text -> Inline); link x = \match -> Link ... [Str match] (x,...)'. -- I'm not sure how crazy I want to get with the rewrites, though. The regexp rewriting is expensive -- since it must look at all text. If you're doing those sorts of other rewrites, it'd generally be -- more sensible to require them to be marked up explicitly, which is vastly easier to program & -- more efficient. We'll see. customDefinitions :: ([(T.Text, T.Text)] -> [(T.Text, T.Text)]) -> [(T.Text, R.Regex, T.Text)] customDefinitions subsetter = if length customSorted > 1007 then error ("LinkAuto.hs (customDefinitions): 'customSorted' too long (" ++ show (length customSorted) ++ "), which will trigger the LA slowdown, making site compiles unacceptably slow. Delete some unused regexp rewrite rules!") else customDefinitionsR $ definitionsValidate $ subsetter customSorted -- delimit & compile --- -- {-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-} -- module Config.LinkAuto where -- import Data.List (sortBy) -- import qualified Data.Text as T (length, Text) -- import Text.Pandoc (nullAttr, Pandoc(..), QuoteType(DoubleQuote), Inline(Link,Quoted,Space,Str), nullMeta, Block(Para)) -- import Utils (setLike) linkAutoTests :: [([Inline], Pandoc)] linkAutoTests = setLike -- test that it does *not* rewrite 'reinforcement learning' inside a Link's text (which would be an invalid Link-in-a-Link): [ ([Link nullAttr [Quoted DoubleQuote [Str "Self-improving",Space,Str "reactive",Space,Str "agents",Space,Str "based",Space,Str "on",Space,Str "reinforcement",Space,Str "learning,",Space,Str "planning",Space,Str "and",Space,Str "teaching"]] ("https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.75.7884&rep=rep1&type=pdf",""),Str ",",Space,Str "Lin",Space,Str "1992"], Pandoc nullMeta [Para [Link nullAttr [Quoted DoubleQuote [Str "Self-improving reactive agents based on",Str " ",Str "reinforcement learning",Str ",",Str " planning and teaching"]] ("https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.75.7884&rep=rep1&type=pdf",""),Str ", Lin 1992"]]) -- test rewrites of 'BigGAN', 'TPUv3', 'Barack Obama', 'DistilBERT', 'BERT': , ([Str "bigGAN means", Space, Str "BIG", Str "GAN; you will have an easier time training a GAN on a good GPU like a P100 or a TPUv3.", Space, Str "(See",Space,Str "WP",Space,Str "on",Space,Link nullAttr [Link nullAttr [Str "GAN"] ("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative_adversarial_network","")] ("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative_adversarial_network",""),Str ").", Space, Str "Nevertheless, expensive is a GAN. See Barack Obama's presidency. Still, we shouldn't put too much weight on Barack Obama. More efficient is DistilBERT, not to be confused with", Space, Str "BERT", Str "."], Pandoc nullMeta [Para [Str "bigGAN means BIGGAN; you will have an easier time training a GAN on a good GPU like a P100 or a",Str " ",Link nullAttr [Str "TPUv3"] ("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensor_Processing_Unit#Third_generation_TPU",""),Str ".",Str " (See WP on ",Link nullAttr [Str "GAN"] ("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative_adversarial_network",""),Str "). Nevertheless, expensive is a GAN. See",Str " ",Link nullAttr [Str "Barack Obama"] ("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama",""),Str "'",Str "s presidency. Still, we shouldn't put too much weight on",Str " ",Str "Barack Obama",Str ".",Str " More efficient is",Str " ",Link nullAttr [Str "DistilBERT"] ("https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.01108",""),Str ",",Str " not to be confused with",Str " ",Link nullAttr [Str "BERT"] ("https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805#google",""),Str "."]]) -- test 'StyleGAN', 'MuZero', 'Muesli', 'Brown et al 2020' , ([Str "It's a dilemma: at small or easy domains, StyleGAN is much faster (if not better); but at large or hard domains, mode collapse is too risky and endangers the big investment necessary to surpass StyleGAN. MuZero vs Muesli. Brown et al 2020."], Pandoc nullMeta [Para [Str "It's a dilemma: at small or easy domains,",Str " ",Link ("",[],[]) [Str "StyleGAN"] ("https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.04948#nvidia",""),Str " ",Str "is much faster (if not better); but at large or hard domains, mode collapse is too risky and endangers the big investment necessary to surpass",Str " ",Str "StyleGAN",Str ".",Str " ",Link ("",[],[]) [Str "MuZero"] ("https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.08265#deepmind",""),Str " ",Str "vs",Str " ",Link ("",[],[]) [Str "Muesli"] ("https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.06159",""),Str ".",Str " ",Link ("",[],[]) [Str "Brown et al 2020"] ("https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14165#openai",""),Str "."]]) ] -- descending order, longest match to shortest (for regex priority): -- WARNING: we appear to be hitting some sort of exponential slowdown despite the optimizations. From now on, delete at least one rewrite for every added rewrite. Many are unnecessary. -- Testing: all-unique, value is URL custom, customSorted :: [(T.Text, T.Text)] customSorted = sortBy (\a b -> compare (T.length $ fst b) (T.length $ fst a)) custom custom = setLike [ ("(1-Lipschitz|Lipschitz)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipschitz_continuity") , ("(A2C|A3C|[Aa]synchronous [Aa]dvantage [Aa]ctor-[Cc]ritic)", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1602.01783#deepmind") , ("(ADHD|[Aa]ttention[ -][Dd]eficit [Hh]yperactivity [Dd]isorder)s?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder") , ("(AFQT|ASVAB|Armed Forces Qualification Test|Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armed_Services_Vocational_Aptitude_Battery") , ("(Akaike [Ii]nformation [Cc]riterion|AIC)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akaike_information_criterion") , ("(Alexey )?Guzey", "https://guzey.com/") , ("(Alpha ?Zero|Alpha0)", "/doc/reinforcement-learning/model/alphago/2018-silver.pdf#deepmind") , ("Kolmogorov axioms?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_axioms") , ("Kolmogorov [Cc]omplexity", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolmogorov_complexity") , ("(Andrey )?Kolmogorov.?.?.?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey_Kolmogorov") , ("Anime News Network", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anime_News_Network") , ("(ArXiv|Arxiv|arxiv)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv") , ("(Arthur|A.) Jensen", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Jensen") , ("(Big [Ff]ive|OCEAN|Big 5)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Five_personality_traits") , ("(BigGAN(-deep)s?|Brock et al 2018)", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.11096#deepmind") , ("(CBT|[Cc]ognitive[ -][Bb]ehaviou?r(al)? [Tt]herap(y|ies))", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_behavioral_therapy") , ("(CNNs?|[Cc]onvolutional [Nn]eural [Nn]etworks?)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convolutional_neural_network") , ("(COCO|MS[- ]?COCO)", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1405.0312#microsoft") , ("(CURL|Curl|curl)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CURL") , ("(Czesław Miłosz|Czesław Miłosz|Miłosz|Milosz)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czeslaw_Milosz") , ("(DAICON III|DAICON IV)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daicon_III_and_IV_Opening_Animations") , ("(Deep[Mm]ind.?Lab|DM[Ll]ab-30|DM[Ll]ab)", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.03801#deepmind") , ("(EHR|[Ee]lectronic [Hh]ealth [Rr]ecords?)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_health_record") , ("(EV|[Ee]xpected[ -][Vv]alue)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expected_value") , ("(Edward N. Luttwak|Edward Luttwak|Luttwak)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Luttwak") , ("(End [Oo]f Evangelion|EoE|EOE)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_End_of_Evangelion") , ("(Everything2|E2)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everything2") , ("(Extraversion|Introversion)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraversion_and_introversion") , ("(Fermi [Pp]roblem.?|Fermi [Qq]uestion.?)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi_problem") , ("(Fr[ée]chet [Ii]nception [Dd]istance|FID)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9chet_inception_distance") , ("(Friedrich Nietzsche|Nietzsche)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche") , ("(Fujiwara (no )?Teika|Teika (no )?Fujiwara)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Teika") , ("(GSEM|[Gg]enomic SEM|[Gg]enomic [Ss]tructural [Ee]quation [Mm]odeling)", "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6520146/") , ("(H?P?:?MoR|Methods [Oo]f Rationality)", "https://hpmor.com/") , ("(Hacker News|HN)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker_News") , ("(Hamiltonian Monte Carlo|[Hh]ybrid Monte Carlo)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamiltonian_Monte_Carlo") , ("(Hans J\\. Eysenck|Hans Jürgen Eysenck|Hans Eysenck|Eysenck[ian]?)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Eysenck") , ("(Henri Poincar[ée]|Poincar[ée])", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Poincare") , ("(IPA|International Phonetic Alphabet)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet") , ("(Incompatible Timesharing System|ITS)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incompatible_Timesharing_System") , ("(Internet Archive|IA)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Archive") , ("(Jeff Bezos|Bezos)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Bezos") , ("(John Tukey|John W\\. Tukey|Tukey)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Tukey") , ("(John von Neumann|von Neumann)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_von_Neumann") , ("(Jorge Luis Borges|Borges)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Luis_Borges") , ("(LDSC|LD [Ss]core [Rr]egression)", "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4495769/") , ("(LD|[Ll]inkage [Dd]isequilibrium|[Ll]inkage [Ee]quilibrium)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linkage_disequilibrium") , ("(LSTMs?|[Ll]ong [Ss]hort[ -][Tt]erm [Mm]emor(y|ies))", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_short-term_memory") , ("(Leta Stetter Hollingworth|Hollingworth)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leta_Stetter_Hollingworth") , ("(Lewis Terman|Terman)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Terman") , ("(MAOI|[Mm]onoamine [Oo]xidase [Ii]nhibitor)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase_inhibitor") , ("(MCMC|[Mm]arkov [Cc]hain [Mm]onte [Cc]arlo)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markov_chain_Monte_Carlo") , ("(MCTS|Monte Carlo [Tt]ree[ -][Ss]earch|MCTS-based)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_tree_search") , ("(MIRI|Machine Intelligence Research Institute)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_Intelligence_Research_Institute") , ("(MLP:?FIM|My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Little_Pony:_Friendship_Is_Magic") , ("(MR|[Mm]endelian[ -][Rr]andomi[sz]ation)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelian_randomization") , ("(Mamoru Oshii|Oshii)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamoru_Oshii") , ("(NFT|[Nn]on-[Ff]ungible [Tt]oken)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-fungible_token") , ("(NPV|[Nn]et [Pp]resent [Vv]alue)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_present_value") , ("(Naive[ -])?Bayes(ian)? classifier.?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naive_Bayes_classifier") , ("(Neon Genesis Evangelion|NGE|NGE TV|Evangelion)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon_Genesis_Evangelion") , ("(Nico Nico Douga|NND)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nico_Nico_Douga") , ("(Niels Bohr|Bohr)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Bohr") , ("(OpenAI 5|OA ?5)", "https://openai.com/index/openai-five-defeats-dota-2-world-champions/") , ("(Openness|Openness to Experience)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Openness_to_Experience") , ("(PBT|[Pp]opulation[ -][Bb]ased [Tt]raining|population[ -]based (deep reinforcement)? ?learning)", "/doc/reinforcement-learning/exploration/2019-jaderberg.pdf#deepmind") , ("(POMDPs?|[Pp]artially [Oo]bservable [Mm]arkov [Dd]ecision [Pp]rocess?e?s)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partially_observable_Markov_decision_process") , ("(PPO|[Pp]roximal [Pp]olicy [Oo]ptimization)", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.06347#openai") , ("(PTSD|[Pp]ost.?traumatic stress disorder)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-traumatic_stress_disorder") , ("(PaintsTransfer/)?style2paints", "https://github.com/lllyasviel/style2paints") , ("Paul Graham", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Graham_%28computer_programmer%29") , ("(Peter Thiel|Thiel)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Thiel") , ("(President|Barack) Obama", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama") , ("(Pretty Good Privacy|PGP)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretty_Good_Privacy") , ("(PubMed|PMC)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed") , ("(RNNs?|[Rr]ecurrent [Nn]eural [Nn]etworks?|[Rr]ecurrent [Nn]etworks?)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrent_neural_network") , ("(ResNet-?(18|34|50|101|152)|[Rr]es[Nn]et|[Rr]esidual[ -][Nn]etwork|[Rr]esidual[ -][Cc]onnection)s?", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.03385#microsoft") -- resnets / residual networks / residual connections , ("(Richard Hamming|Hamming)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Hamming") , ("(SAD|Seasonal [Aa]ffective [Dd]isorder)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seasonal_affective_disorder") , ("(SCZ|[Ss]chizophreni[ac]s?)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizophrenia") , ("(BP|[Bb]ipolar [Dd]isorders?|[Bb]ipolar)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_disorder") , ("(SGD|[Ss]tochastic [Gg]radient [Dd]escent)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic_gradient_descent") , ("(SMPY|Study [Oo]f Mathematically Precocious Youth)", "/smpy") , ("(SNP|[Ss]ingle[ -][Nn]ucleotide [Pp]olymorphism)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-nucleotide_polymorphism") , ("(SVM|[Ss]upport [Vv]ector [Mm]achines?)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Support-vector_machine") , ("(Shotetsu|Shōtetsu)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dtetsu") , ("(Soft Actor-Critic|SAC)", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.01290") , ("StyleGAN2-ADA.?|Karras et al 2020", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.06676#nvidia") , ("(StyleGANs?|CelebA[ -]HQ|FFHQ)", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.04948#nvidia") , ("(TADNE|This Anime Does Not Exist\\.?a?i?)", "https://thisanimedoesnotexist.ai/") , ("(TFDNE|This Fursona Does Not Exist)", "https://www.thisfursonadoesnotexist.com/") , ("(TPDNE|This Pony Does Not Exist)", "https://thisponydoesnotexist.net/") , ("(TWDNE|TWDNEv2|This Waifu Does Not Exist|This ?Waifu ?Does ?Not ?Exist(\\.net)?)", "/twdne") , ("(TeX|Tex)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeX") , ("(Terman (study|sample)|Terman's|[Gg]enetic [Ss]tudies [Oo]f [Gg]enius)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_Studies_of_Genius") , ("(UKBB|UK Bio ?[Bb]ank)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Biobank") , ("(VoI|[Vv]alue [Oo]f [Ii]nformation)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_of_Information") , ("(W. S. Gosset|William Sealy Gosset)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Sealy_Gosset") , ("(W?GWAS?|[Gg]enome-[Ww]ide [Aa]ssociation [Aa]nalys(is|e|es)|[Gg]enome-[Ww]ide [Aa]ssociation [Ss]tud(y|ies))", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome-wide_association_study") , ("(WGAN|Wasserstein GAN)s?", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1701.07875") , ("(Waste Isolation Pilot Plant|WIPP)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_Isolation_Pilot_Plant") , ("([Aa]lgorithmic [Ii]nformation [Tt]heory|AIT)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithmic_information_theory") , ("([Ar]modafinil|[Mm]odafinil)", "/modafinil") , ("([Bb]andit sampling|[Bb]andit models?|[Mm]ulti-[Aa]rm?e?d [Bb]andit)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-armed_bandit") , ("([Bb]inomial distribution|binomially)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_distribution") , ("([Bb]ody [Mm]ass [Ii]ndex|BMI)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_mass_index") , ("([Cc]entral [Ll]imit [Tt]heorem|CLT)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_limit_theorem") , ("([Dd]ark [Nn]et [Mm]arket|[Dd]arknet [Mm]arket|DNM|[Cc]ryptomarket|[Cc]rypto-[Mm]arket)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darknet_market") , ("([Dd]enoising [Dd]iffusion [Pp]robabilistic [Mm]odels?|DDPMs?)", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.11239") , ("([Ee]fficient-[Mm]arket.? [Hh]ypothesis|[Ee]fficient[ -]market.?|EMH)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efficient-market_hypothesis") , ("([Ee]xistential[ -]risk|[Xx]-risk)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_risk") , ("([Ee]xome sequencing|[Ee]xomes?|[Ww]hole-exome sequencing)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exome_sequencing") , ("([Ee]xpected [Vv]alue [Oo]f [Pp]erfect [Ii]nformation|EVPI)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expected_value_of_perfect_information") , ("([Ee]xpected [Vv]alue [Oo]f [Ss]ample [Ii]nformation|EVSI)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expected_value_of_sample_information") , ("([Ee]xponential [Mm]oving [Aa]verages?|EMA)", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.04498") , ("([Ee]xponential discounting|[Ee]xponentially discounted)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_discounting") , ("([Ff]ield-[Pp]rogrammable [Gg]ate [Aa]rray|FPGA)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field-programmable_gate_array") , ("([Ff]orward [Ee]rror [Cc]orrection|FEC)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_error_correction") , ("([Gg]amebook|CYOA)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamebook") , ("([Gg]arbage collection|GC)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garbage_collection_%28computer_science%29") , ("([Gg]enomic [Ss]election|[Mm]olecular breeding)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_breeding") , ("([Gg]eometric distribution|geometrically[ -]distributed)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_distribution") , ("([Gg]roup[ -]selection(ism)?|[Mm]ulti-level selection)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_selection") , ("([Ll]-)?[Tt]heanine.?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theanine") , ("([Ll]iability[ -]threshold model(s|ing)?|[Ll]iability[ -]thresholds?)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threshold_model#Liability_threshold_model") , ("([Ll]ight[ -]therapy|[Pp]hototherapy)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_therapy") , ("([Ll]ow [Ll]evel [Ll]aser [Tt]herapy|LLLT)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-level_laser_therapy") , ("([Mm]arkov [Dd]ecision [Pp]rocess|MDP)s?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markov_decision_process") , ("([Mm]ulti-?[Ll]evel|[Hh]ierarchical linear|[Hh]ierarchical|[Ll]inear mixed[ -]effects?|[Ll]inear mixed|[Mm]ixed[ -]effects?|[Mm]ixed|[Nn]ested data|[Rr]andom-effects|[Rr]andom parameter) model(s|ing)?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilevel_model") , ("([Nn]egative selection|[Pp]urifying selection)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_selection_(natural_selection)") , ("([Nn]ormal distribution.?|Gaussian distribution.?|[Nn]ormally[ -]distributed)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution") , ("([Pp]archive|PAR|PAR2)s?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parchive") , ("([Pp]olygenic [Ss]core|PGS|[Pp]olygenic [Rr]isk [Ss]core|PRS|[Gg]enetic [Rr]isk [Ss]core|GRS|[Gg]enome-[Ww]ide [Ss]core|[Pp]olygenic [Ii]ndex|PGI)s?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygenic_score") , ("([Pp]rompt programming|[Pp]rompt engineering)", "/gpt-3#prompts-as-programming") , ("([Pp]rotein.? folding|folding protein.?)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_folding") , ("([Qq]uantitative [Tt]rait [Ll]oci|QTLs?)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantitative_trait_locus") , ("([Rr]ange restriction|[Rr]estricted range|[Rr]estriction of range)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range_restriction") , ("([Ss]elf-[Ss]upervised [Ll]earning|[Ss]emi-[Ss]upervised [Ll]earning)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-supervised_learning") , ("([Ss]tatistical [Pp]ower|well-powered)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_of_a_test") , ("([Ss]tatistical[ -]significance|[Ss]tatistically-significant)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_significance") , ("([Ss]tructural [Ee]quation [Mm]odel(s|ing)?|SEM)s?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_equation_modeling") -- SEM can also refer to 'scanning electron microscope' or 'standard error of the mean' in Gwern.net content, but in practice, those uses seem far rarer , ("([Tt]abletop [Rr]ole-[Pp]laying [Gg]ame|TTRPG)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabletop_role-playing_game") , ("([Tt]runcated normal distribution|[Tt]runcated normal)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truncated_normal_distribution") , ("([Vv]ision [Tt]ransformers?|ViT)", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11929#google") , ("([Vv]isual[ -]novel|VN)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_novel") , ("([Ww]eight [Dd]ecay|L0|L~0~|[Rr]idge regression|𝓁1|𝓁2)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikhonov_regularization") , ("([Ll]asso|[Ll]east absolute shrinkage and selection operator|LASSO|[Ll]asso regression)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasso_(statistics)") , ("([Ww]orking[ -][Mm]emory|WM)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_memory") , ("(non|anti)?-?[Ee]pilep(sy|ies|etics?)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epilepsy") , ("23[A]nd[Mm]e", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/23andMe") , ("A. ?E. Housman", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.E._Housman") , ("ABalytics", "https://github.com/danmaz74/ABalytics") , ("AI Dungeon", "https://play.aidungeon.com/main/home") , ("AIXI", "https://www.lesswrong.com/tag/aixi") , ("AIXI\\.?js", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.07615") , ("ALBERT", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.11942#google") , ("ALGOL[ -]?60", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL_60") -- , ("ALIGN", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.05918#google") , ("AMD", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD") , ("A\\. ?E\\. Housman", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._E._Housman") , ("Abraham Wald", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Wald") , ("Adderall", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adderall") , ("Agent57", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.13350#deepmind") , ("Agreeableness", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agreeableness") , ("Agrippina", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrippina_(opera)") , ("Alan Kay", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Kay") , ("Alan Perlis", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Perlis") , ("Aldous Huxley", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldous_Huxley") , ("Alexander Shulgin", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Shulgin") , ("Allegrini et al 2018", "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/418210.full") , ("Alpha ?Go", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AlphaGo") , ("AlphaGo Master", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_(software)") , ("Amanda Knox", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanda_Knox") , ("Amazon S3", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_S3") , ("Amdahl's [Ll]aw", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amdahl%27s_law") , ("Analog Science Fiction and Fact", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_Science_Fiction_and_Fact") , ("Anders Sandberg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Sandberg") , ("Andy Matuschak", "https://andymatuschak.org/") , ("AniSeg", "https://github.com/jerryli27/AniSeg/") , ("Anki", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anki_%28software%29") , ("Anne Roe", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Roe") , ("Anthropic [Pp]rinciple", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropic_principle") , ("Apollo 11", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_11") , ("Archive ?Team", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archive_Team") , ("Artbreeder", "https://www.artbreeder.com/") , ("Arthur C\\. Clarke", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke") , ("Arthur Schopenhauer", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer") , ("Asuka Langley Soryu", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asuka_Langley_Soryu") , ("Aum Shinrikyo", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aum_Shinrikyo") , ("B-heaps?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-heap") , ("BART", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.13461#facebook") , ("BERT", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805#google") , ("BLEU-?[0-9]?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BLEU") , ("Backblaze", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backblaze") , ("Bakewell", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bakewell_%28agriculturalist%29") , ("Bandai", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandai") , ("Barlow Twins?", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.03230#facebook") , ("Baskerville", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baskerville") , ("Bayes.?.?.? ([Tt]heorem|[Ff]ormula|[Ll]aw|[Rr]ule)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayes%27_theorem") , ("Bayesian (models?|approach|estimation|methods?|statistics?|analysis|inference)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian_statistics") , ("Bayesian RL", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.04436") , ("Bayesian [Ss]earch [Tt]heory", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian_search_theory") , ("Bayesian decision", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjective_expected_utility") , ("Bayesian optimization", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian_optimization") , ("Berkson[’']s paradox", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkson%27s_paradox") , ("BiT", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.11370#google") , ("Bias in Mental Testing", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bias_in_Mental_Testing") , ("BigBird", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.14062#google") , ("Bit[Tt]orrent", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent") , ("Black-Scholes model", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%E2%80%93Scholes_model") , ("Blair Braverman", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blair_Braverman") , ("Blender", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.13637#facebook") , ("Bonferroni correction", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonferroni_correction") , ("Book of Job", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Job") , ("Brad Leithauser", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Leithauser") , ("Bradley.Terry model", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradley-Terry_model") , ("Brain Workshop", "https://brainworkshop.sourceforge.net/") , ("Bruce Schneier", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Schneier") , ("ByT5", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.13626#google") , ("C4\\.5", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C4.5_algorithm") , ("CC[ -]12M", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.08981#google") , ("(CLIP|Contrastive Language-Image Pre-Training)", "https://openai.com/index/clip/") , ("CNVs?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copy_number_variation") , ("CPM", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.00413") , ("CPM-2", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.10715") , ("CRISPR", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR") , ("CRISPR/Cas9", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cas9") , ("CTRL", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.05858#salesforce") , ("C\\. ?S\\. ?Lewis", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._S._Lewis") , ("Catch-22", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catch-22") , ("Catherynne M. Valente", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherynne_M._Valente") , ("CelebA", "https://mmlab.ie.cuhk.edu.hk/projects/CelebA.html") , ("Char Aznable", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Char_Aznable") , ("Charles Murray", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Murray_%28political_scientist%29") , ("Cicero", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicero") , ("Claude Shannon", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Shannon") , ("Clay Shirky", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay_Shirky") , ("Clever Hans", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clever_Hans") , ("Clock [Oo]f [Tt]he Long Now", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock_of_the_Long_Now") , ("Clune 2019", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.10985#uber") , ("CogView", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.13290#baai") , ("Comiket", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comiket") , ("ConViT", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.10697#facebook") , ("Conceptual Captions", "/doc/ai/nn/diffusion/2018-sharma.pdf#google") , ("Confirmation bias", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confirmation_bias") , ("Conformer", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.08100#google") , ("Conscientiousness", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscientiousness") , ("Conway's Game [Oo]f Life", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway%27s_Game_of_Life") , ("Cordwainer Smith", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordwainer_Smith") , ("Cory Doctorow", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cory_Doctorow") , ("Cowboy Bebop", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowboy_Bebop") , ("Creative Commons", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons") , ("Cryptonomicon", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptonomicon") , ("(Cyphernomicon|Timothy C\\. May)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_C._May") , ("D4PG", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.08617#deepmind") -- , ("DALL[-·]E[ -]2", "https://openai.com/dall-e-2") -- , ("DALL[-·]E[ -]1", "https://openai.com/index/dall-e/") -- , ("DALL[-·]E[ -]3", "https://openai.com/index/dall-e-3/") , ("DARPA", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA") , ("DDPG", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1509.02971#deepmind") , ("DFAs?", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.01596") , ("DLRM", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.05158#facebook") , ("DQN", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1312.5602#deepmind") , ("Dactyl", "https://openai.com/research/learning-dexterity") , ("Dan Simmons", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Simmons") , ("Daniel Everett", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Everett") , ("Darkleaks?", "https://github.com/darkwallet/darkleaks") , ("Daryl Bem", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daryl_Bem#%22Feeling_the_Future%22_controversy") , ("Das Rheingold", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Das_Rheingold") , ("David Brin", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Brin") , ("David Foster Wallace", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Foster_Wallace") , ("David Sedaris", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Sedaris") , ("DeBERTa", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.03654#microsoft") , ("Death Note", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_Note") , ("Decision Transformers?", "https://sites.google.com/berkeley.edu/decision-transformer") , ("Deep TAMER", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.10163") , ("Deep Voice 2", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.08947") , ("DeepDanbooru", "https://github.com/KichangKim/DeepDanbooru") , ("DeepSpeed", "https://github.com/microsoft/DeepSpeed") , ("Demis Hassabis", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demis_Hassabis") , ("Der Ring des Nibelungen", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Ring_des_Nibelungen") , ("Digi ?[Cc]ash", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DigiCash") , ("Dinosaur Comics", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinosaur_Comics") , ("DistilBERT", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.01108") , ("Donald Keene", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Keene") , ("Donald Knuth", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth") , ("Douglas Engelbart", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Engelbart") , ("Douglas Hofstadter", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Hofstadter") , ("E. ?T. Jaynes", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.T._Jaynes") , ("E\\. ?O\\. ?Wilson", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._O._Wilson") , ("E\\. ?T\\. ?Jaynes", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Thompson_Jaynes") , ("Edward O\\. Thorp", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_O._Thorp") , ("Edward Teller", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Teller") , ("Edward Thorndike", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Thorndike") , ("(Edward Tufte|Tufte)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Tufte") , ("EfficientNet", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.11946#google") , ("Ehrlich-Simon wager", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon%E2%80%93Ehrlich_wager") , ("El Ten Eleven", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Ten_Eleven") , ("Elo rating system", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elo_rating_system") , ("Emacs", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emacs") , ("Epigrams in Programming", "/doc/cs/algorithm/1982-perlis.pdf") , ("Equivalence [Pp]rinciple", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_principle") , ("Eric S\\. Raymond", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_S._Raymond") , ("Eugene Wigner", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Wigner") , ("Eurisko", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurisko") , ("Evangelion 2\\.0", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelion:_2.0_You_Can_(Not)_Advance") , ("Evangelion: 3\\.0", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelion:_3.0_You_Can_(Not)_Redo") , ("Evernote.?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evernote") , ("Explosions [Ii]n [Tt]he Sky", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosions_in_the_Sky") , ("FAVOR\\+", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.14794#google") , ("FRACTRAN", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FRACTRAN") , ("Fermi (estimate|method|problem|heuristic)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi_estimate") , ("Fermi [Pp]aradox", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi_paradox") , ("(Richard Feynman|Feynman)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman") , ("Flickr", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flickr") , ("Flowers for Algernon", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowers_for_Algernon") , ("Flynn [Ee]ffect", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flynn_effect") , ("Francis Fukuyama", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Fukuyama") , ("Frank P. Ramsey", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Ramsey_(mathematician)") , ("FreeBSD", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeBSD") , ("Freeman Dyson", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeman_Dyson") , ("Friendship [Ii]s Optimal", "https://www.fimfiction.net/story/62074/Friendship-is-Optimal") , ("GAIL", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.03476") , ("GANSpace", "https://github.com/harskish/ganspace") , ("GANs?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative_adversarial_network") , ("GCTA", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCTA") , ("GLUE", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.07461") , ("GODIVA", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.14806#microsoft") , ("GPT-1", "https://openai.com/research/language-unsupervised") , ("GPT-2", "/doc/ai/nn/transformer/gpt/2/2019-radford.pdf#openai") , ("(GPT-3|Brown[  ]et[  ]al[  ]2020)", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14165#openai") -- Brown et al 2020 , ("GPT-4\\.5", "https://openai.com/index/introducing-gpt-4-5/") , ("GPT-4-V", "https://openai.com/index/gpt-4v-system-card/") , ("GPT-4", "https://openai.com/index/gpt-4-research/") , ("GPT-5", "https://openai.com/gpt-5/") , ("ChatGPT", "https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt/") , ("GPT-J", "https://arankomatsuzaki.wordpress.com/2021/06/04/gpt-j/") , ("GPT-f", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.03393#openai") , ("(OpenAI Codex|OA Codex|OA's Codex)", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.03374#openai") , ("GPipe", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.06965#google") , ("GROVER", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.12616#allen") -- it's an acronym, the paper writes it in all-caps even if the homepage doesn't, and 'Grover' is an unfortunately common surname; so we'll just always write "GROVER" to eliminate collisions... , ("GSPMD", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.04663#google") , ("GShard", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.16668#google") , ("Gainax", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gainax") , ("Galton's [Pp]roblem", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galton%27s_problem") , ("Gary Drescher", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Drescher") , ("Gaussian process", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian_process") , ("Ge et al 2016", "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/070177.full") , ("Gene Wolfe", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_Wolfe") , ("Genshiken", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genshiken") , ("Geocities", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocities") , ("Georgia Tech", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_Institute_of_Technology") , ("Gerard Manley Hopkins", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerard_Manley_Hopkins") , ("Git[Hh]ub", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Github") , ("Gitit", "https://github.com/jgm/gitit") , ("GiveWell", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GiveWell") , ("Givewell", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Givewell") , ("Global Burden of Disease", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disease_burden") , ("Gompertz", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gompertz%E2%80%93Makeham_law_of_mortality") , ("GoodReads", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GoodReads") , ("Google Reader", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Reader") , ("Google Surveys", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Surveys") , ("Great Comet of 1680", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Comet_of_1680") , ("Great Divergence", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Divergence") , ("Greg Egan", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Egan") , ("Gregory Clark", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_Clark_%28economist%29") , ("Guide[Ss]tar", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GuideStar") , ("Gunbuster", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunbuster") , ("Hans Moravec", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Moravec") , ("Hayao Miyazaki", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayao_Miyazaki") , ("Henry Darger", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Darger") , ("Hermann Hesse", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Hesse") , ("Hex", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hex_(board_game)") , ("Hideaki Anno", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hideaki_Anno") , ("Higurashi", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higurashi_When_They_Cry") , ("Hiroki Azuma", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroki_Azuma") , ("Hiroyuki Yamaga", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroyuki_Yamaga") , ("Homeric Question", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeric_Question") , ("Hsu 2014", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1408.3421") , ("Hugh Everett", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Everett_III") , ("Hwang Woo-suk", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwang_Woo-suk") , ("Hyperion Cantos", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperion_Cantos") , ("I. A. Richards", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._A._Richards") , ("I. J. Good", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._J._Good") , ("IBM Plex", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Plex") , ("IMPALA", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.01561#deepmind") , ("(ILSVRC|Image[Nn]et)", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.0575") , ("PASCAL (VOC|Visual Object Classes)", "http://host.robots.ox.ac.uk/pascal/VOC/") , ("Infinite Jest", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite_Jest") , ("Infinite in All Directions", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite_in_All_Directions") , ("Inflation\\.hs", "/static/build/Inflation.hs") , ("Intel", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel") , ("Intrade", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrade") , ("J\\. ?B\\. ?S\\. Haldane", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._B._S._Haldane") , ("J\\. ?G\\. ?Ballard", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._G._Ballard") , ("J\\. ?K\\. ?Rowling", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._K._Rowling") , ("Jargon File", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jargon_File") , ("Jeanne Calment", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_Calment") , ("John D\\. Arnold", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Arnold") , ("John L\\. Leal", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_L._Leal") , ("Joseph Conrad", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Conrad") , ("Joseph Heller", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Heller") , ("Joseph Tainter", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Tainter") , ("Juke[Bb]ox", "https://openai.com/research/jukebox") , ("Julian Assange", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Assange") , ("Julian Simon", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Lincoln_Simon") , ("Kaplan et al 2020", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.08361#openai") , ("Kaplan-Meier", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaplan%E2%80%93Meier_estimator") , ("Kazutaka Miyatake", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazutaka_Miyatake") , ("Kelly criterion", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_criterion") , ("Kevin Kelly", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Kelly_(editor)") , ("Kicks Condor", "https://www.kickscondor.com/") , ("Kinect", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinect") , ("Kirk Allen", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirk_Allen") , ("Known Space", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Known_Space") , ("Krummhörn", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krummh%C3%B6rn") , ("LAMBADA", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.06031") , ("LD ?Hub", "https://ldsc.broadinstitute.org/about/") , ("LaTeX", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX") , ("Laplace approximations?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laplace%27s_method") , ("Lawrence Bragg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Bragg") , ("Le Roy Ladurie", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Le_Roy_Ladurie") , ("Leonard Horner", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Horner") , ("Less ?Wrong", "https://www.lesswrong.com/") , ("Libri-Light", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.07875#facebook") , ("Lisp [Mm]achines?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_machine") , ("(Unix|UNIX)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix") , ("(Lisp programming language|Lisp language|LISP|Lisp)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_(programming_language)") , ("(Haskell programming language|Haskell language|Haskell)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haskell") , ("Lotka's [Ll]aw", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotka%27s_law") , ("Lucretius", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucretius") , ("Lyft", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyft") , ("MANOVA", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MANOVA") , ("MDMA", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDMA") , ("MEMORIZE", "https://learning.mpi-sws.org/memorize/") , ("MIDI", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIDI") , ("MIT [Ll]icense", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_License") , ("MLP-?Mixers?", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.01601#google") , ("MSG-GAN", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.06048") , ("Machiavelli", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli") , ("Madama Butterfly", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madama_Butterfly") , ("Magnus Carlsen", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnus_Carlsen") , ("Mahiro Maeda", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahiro_Maeda") , ("Many[ -][Ww]orlds [Ii]nterpretation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Many-worlds_interpretation") , ("Marc Andreessen", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Andreessen") , ("Mark Pilgrim", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pilgrim") , ("Markdown", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markdown") , ("Matthew effects?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_effect") , ("Medici [Bb]ank", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medici_Bank") , ("Meena", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.09977#google") , ("Megatron(LM)?", "https://nv-adlr.github.io/MegatronLM") , ("Met HD", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_Live_in_HD") , ("Meta[Mm]ath", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamath") , ("Michael Nielsen", "https://michaelnielsen.org/") , ("Mike Darwin", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Darwin") , ("Mike Power", "https://mikepower.pressfolios.com/") , ("Mind Sparke", "https://www.mindsparke.com/") , ("Minecraft", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minecraft") , ("Mnemosyne", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemosyne_%28software%29") , ("Mobile Suit Gundam", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Suit_Gundam") , ("Montaillou: The Promised Land of Error", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montaillou_(book)") , ("Monte Carlo (simulates?|estimates?|simulations?|approximations?|implementations?|methods?)?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method") , ("Monte Carlo algorithm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_algorithm") , ("Moore's [Ll]aw", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore%27s_law") , ("Moravec's paradox", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravec%27s_paradox") , ("Mt\\. ?Gox", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mt._Gox") , ("Mu[Zz]ero Unplugged", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.06294#deepmind") , ("Mu[Zz]ero", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.08265#deepmind") -- MuZero , ("Muesli", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.06159") , ("Muji", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muji") , ("Murphy's [Ll]aw", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murphy%27s_law") , ("Muse[Nn]et", "https://openai.com/research/musenet") , ("Music Transformers?", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.04281#google") , ("NHK", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK") , ("NP[ -][Hh]ard", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NP-hard") , ("NVAE", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.03898#nvidia") , ("Narcissis(m|t|tic)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcissism") , ("Nate Silver", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nate_Silver") , ("(NeRF|[Nn]eural [Rr]adiance [Ff]ields?)", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.08934") , ("Neal Stephenson", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neal_Stephenson") , ("Neil Gaiman", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Gaiman") , ("Neuroticism", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroticism") , ("New Yorker", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Yorker") , ("Newcomb's Problem", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newcomb%27s_paradox") , ("Nick Bostrom", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Bostrom") , ("Norbert Wiener", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Wiener") , ("Oliver Heaviside", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Heaviside") , ("OpenAI API", "https://openai.com/blog/openai-api/") , ("OpenAI Gym", "https://github.com/openai/gym") , ("OpenAI", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenAI") , ("OpenBSD", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenBSD") , ("Openness to [Ee]xperience", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Openness_to_experience") , ("Orson Scott Card", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orson_Scott_Card") , ("Otaku no Video", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otaku_no_Video") , ("Overcoming ?Bias", "https://www.overcomingbias.com/") , ("PILCO", "/doc/reinforcement-learning/exploration/2011-deisenroth.pdf") , ("PNSR", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_signal-to-noise_ratio") , ("Pareto distribution", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareto_distribution") , ("Patreon", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patreon") , ("Paul Atreides", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Atreides") , ("Paul F?\\.? Christiano", "https://paulfchristiano.com/") , ("Pay[Pp]al", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal") , ("Peter Singer", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Singer") , ("Peter Watts", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Watts_%28author%29") , ("Poisson distribution", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson_distribution") , ("Polderman et al 2015", "/doc/genetics/heritable/2015-polderman.pdf") , ("Portia", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portia_(spider)") , ("PostScript", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PostScript") , ("Prediction[Bb]ook.com", "https://predictionbook.com/") , ("Prisoner's [Dd]ilemma", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoner%27s_dilemma") , ("ProGANs?", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.10196#nvidia") , ("Project 100,000", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_100,000") , ("Project Xanadu", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Xanadu") , ("Quantified Self", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantified_Self") , ("QuickCheck", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QuickCheck") , ("R\\. ?A\\. ?Fisher", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Fisher") , ("R\\. ?A\\. ?Lafferty", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._A._Lafferty") , ("R2D2", "https://openreview.net/forum?id=r1lyTjAqYX#deepmind") , ("RAND", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAND_Corporation") , ("REALM", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.08909#google") , ("REINFORCE", "/doc/reinforcement-learning/model-free/1992-williams.pdf") , ("ROUGE", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROUGE_(metric)") , ("R[Ee][Ll][Uu]", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectifier_(neural_networks)") , ("R[Oo]BERT[aA]", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.11692#facebook") -- RoBERTa , ("R\\. Scott Bakker", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._Scott_Bakker") , ("Randall Jarrell", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randall_Jarrell") , ("Re[Zz]ero", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.04887") , ("Rebuild [Oo]f Evangelion", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebuild_of_Evangelion") , ("Red Delicious", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Delicious") , ("Reformer", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.04451#google") , ("RegNet", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.13678#facebook") , ("([Rr]egistered [Rr]eports?|[Pp]re-?regist(ered|er|ering|ration))", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preregistration_(science)#Registered_reports") , ("Res[Nn]e[Xx]t", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.07640") , ("Richard Dawkins", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Dawkins") , ("Rietveld et al 2013", "/doc/iq/2013-rietveld.pdf") , ("Robert Bakewell", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bakewell_(agriculturalist)") , ("Robin Hanson", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Hanson") , ("Ross (William )?Ulbricht", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_Ulbricht") , ("Rotten\\.com", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotten.com") , ("Russian domesticated foxe?s?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domesticated_silver_fox") , ("SAGAN", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.08318") , ("SAT [Ss]olv(ing|ers?)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean_satisfiability_problem#Algorithms_for_solving_SAT") , ("SHA-256", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-256") , ("SPIRAL", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.01118#deepmind") , ("SR3", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.07636#google") , ("STL-10", "https://cs.stanford.edu/~acoates/stl10/") , ("SWA", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.05407") , ("Saddam Hussein", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein") , ("Samuel Johnson", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Johnson") , ("(Satoshi Nakamoto|Nakamoto)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satoshi_Nakamoto") , ("Saul Kripke", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saul_Kripke") , ("Schelling point", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focal_point_(game_theory)") , ("Scott Aaronson", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Aaronson") , ("Scott Alexander", "https://www.astralcodexten.com/") , ("Scott Sumner", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Sumner") , ("Seymour Cray", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymour_Cray") , ("Shawn Bradley", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shawn_Bradley") , ("Shawn Presser", "https://x.com/theshawwn") , ("Shinji Ikari", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinji_Ikari") , ("Shortformer", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.15832") , ("SimC[Ll][Rr]", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.05709#google") , ("Simpson's [Pp]aradox", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpson%27s_paradox") , ("Single[Ff]ile", "https://github.com/gildas-lormeau/SingleFile/") , ("Singularity", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_singularity") , ("Slender Man stabbing.?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slender_Man_stabbing") , ("[Ss]nowclone", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowclone") , ("Source Sans Pro", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_Sans") , ("Source Serif Pro", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_Serif") , ("Space Battleship Yamato", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Battleship_Yamato") , ("StackGAN", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.03242") , ("StackGAN\\+\\+", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.10916") , ("Stacy Schiff", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stacy_Schiff") , ("Stanislaw Ulam", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislaw_Ulam") , ("Stephen LaBerge", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_LaBerge") , ("Stephen Schneider", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Schneider") , ("Stephenie Meyer", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephenie_Meyer") , ("Steve Jobs", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs") , ("Steven Pinker", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Pinker") , ("Stewart Brand", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Brand") , ("Stripe", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stripe_%28company%29") , ("Stroop ([Ee]ffect|[Tt]ask)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect") , ("Studio Ghibli", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studio_Ghibli") , ("StyleGAN2s?", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.04958#nvidia") , ("Super(GLUE|Glue)", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.00537") , ("SwAV", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.09882#facebook") , ("Swee[Tt]ango", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SweeTango") , ("Switch Transformers?", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.03961#google") , ("T5s?", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.10683#google") , ("TF?RC", "https://sites.research.google/trc/") , ("TPU-?v2s?(-[0-9]+)?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensor_Processing_Unit#Second_generation_TPU") , ("TPU-?v3s?(-[0-9]+)?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensor_Processing_Unit#Third_generation_TPU") , ("TPU-?v4s?(-[0-9]+)?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensor_Processing_Unit#Fourth_generation_TPU") , ("TPUs?(-[0-9]+)?", "/doc/ai/scaling/hardware/2020-jouppi.pdf#google") , ("Ted Chiang", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Chiang") , ("Terence Tao", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terence_Tao") , ("[Tt]extual criticism", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textual_criticism") , ("The Atlantic", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Atlantic") , ("The Book of the New Sun", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Book_of_the_New_Sun") , ("The Browser", "https://thebrowser.com/") , ("The Elements of Typographic Style", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Elements_of_Typographic_Style") , ("The Library of Babel", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Library_of_Babel") , ("The Literary Digest#Presidential poll", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Literary_Digest#Presidential_poll") , ("The Matrix", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Matrix") , ("The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Melancholy_of_Haruhi_Suzumiya") , ("The Mother of All Demos", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mother_of_All_Demos") , ("[Tt]he Pile", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.00027#eleutherai") , ("The Unreasonable Effectiveness [Oo]f Mathematics [Ii]n the Natural Sciences", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Unreasonable_Effectiveness_of_Mathematics_in_the_Natural_Sciences") , ("The World [Aa]s Will [Aa]nd Representation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_World_as_Will_and_Representation") , ("[Tt]heodic(y|ies)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodicy") , ("They Shall Not Grow Old", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/They_Shall_Not_Grow_Old") , ("Thomas Browne", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Browne") , ("Thompson [Ss]ampling", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thompson_sampling") , ("Thrawn [Tt]rilogy", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrawn_trilogy") , ("Tim Powers", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Powers") , ("TinyBERT", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.10351") , ("Tom Wolfe", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Wolfe") , ("Tommy Wiseau", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Wiseau") , ("Tor", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tor_%28anonymity_network%29") , ("Toshio Okada", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshio_Okada") , ("Touhou", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touhou_Project") , ("TransGAN", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.07074") , ("Transformer[ -]XLs?", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.02860") , ("Transformers?", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762#google") , ("True[Tt]ype", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TrueType") , ("Trusted[ -][Tt]imestamping", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trusted_timestamping") , ("Tufte[- ]CSS", "https://edwardtufte.github.io/tufte-css/") , ("Turandot", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turandot") , ("Turing-NLG", "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/turing-nlg-a-17-billion-parameter-language-model-by-microsoft/") , ("Tyler Cowen", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyler_Cowen") , ("U-[Nn]ets?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-Net") , ("UCI [Rr]epository", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine#Machine_Learning_Repository") , ("Uber", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uber") , ("Umberto Eco", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umberto_Eco") , ("Universal Transformers?", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.03819#googledeepmind") , ("Unsong", "https://unsongbook.com/") , ("Usenet", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usenet") , ("V100s?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volta_(microarchitecture)#Products") , ("VGG(-?1[169])", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.1556") -- VGG-11/VGG-16/VGG-19 , ("([Vv]ector [Qq]uantized [Vv]ariational [Aa]uto[Ee]ncoder|VQ-VAE)(-?[:graph:]+)?.?", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.00446#deepmind") , ("Vi[Zz][Dd]oom", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.02097") , ("Virtual You[Tt]uber", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTuber") , ("Vocaloid", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocaloid") , ("WISC(-I|-II|-III|-IV|-V|-VI)?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wechsler_Intelligence_Scale_for_Children") , ("Waifu Labs", "https://waifulabs.com/") , ("Walt Disney", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney") , ("Warren Buffett", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Buffett") , ("Web[Vv]ision", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.02862") , ("Wen[Ll]an", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.06561") , ("Western Union", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Union") , ("William Gibson", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibson") , ("Wired", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired_%28magazine%29") , ("(Wisconsin Longitudinal Study|WLS)", "https://researchers.wls.wisc.edu/about/history/") , ("Wittgenstein", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein") , ("XLM-R", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.02116#facebook") , ("XL[Nn]et", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.08237") , ("XMC-GAN", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.04702#google") , ("X[Mm]onad", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xmonad") , ("Yasuhiro Takeda", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasuhiro_Takeda") , ("Yoshiyuki Tomino", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoshiyuki_Tomino") , ("Yunmen Wenyan", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunmen_Wenyan") , ("ZUN", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team_Shanghai_Alice#Member") , ("Zeo", "/zeo/zeo") , ("[Aa]daptive (clinical )?trial", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_clinical_trial") , ("[Aa]krasia", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akrasia") , ("[Aa]pproximate [Bb]ayesian [Cc]omputation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximate_Bayesian_computation") , ("[Aa]rgument from silence", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_silence") , ("[Aa]ssassination market", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_market") , ("[Aa]ssurance [Cc]ontract", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assurance_contract") , ("[Aa]tomic gardening", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_gardening") , ("[Aa]vailability heuristic", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Availability_heuristic") , ("[Bb]ack ?prop(agation)?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backpropagation") , ("[Bb]ackground selection", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Background_selection") , ("[Bb]ase[ -]rate fallacy", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_rate_fallacy") , ("[Bb]atch-?[Nn]orm(alization)?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batch_normalization") , ("[Bb]eam[ -]search", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam_search") , ("[Bb]eta distribution", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_distribution") , ("[Bb]ias-variance tradeoff", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bias%E2%80%93variance_tradeoff") , ("[Bb]inary tree", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_tree") , ("[Bb]iobank(ed|s|ing)?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biobank") , ("[Bb]irthday paradoxe?s?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthday_problem") , ("Bitcoin.?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin") , ("[Bb]itter [Ll]essons?", "http://www.incompleteideas.net/IncIdeas/BitterLesson.html") , ("[Bb]lessings [Oo]f [Ss]cale", "/scaling-hypothesis#blessings-of-scale") , ("[Bb]ody double", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_decoy") , ("[Bb]rown adipose tissues?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_adipose_tissue") , ("[Cc]ache-oblivious", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache-oblivious_algorithm") , ("[Cc]affein(e|ate|ated)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine") , ("[Cc]aloric restriction", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caloric_restriction") , ("[Cc]arfentanil", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carfentanil") , ("[Cc]ase.?[Cc]ontrol", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case%E2%80%93control_study") , ("[Cc]eiling effects?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceiling_effect_(statistics)") , ("[Cc]erebral cortexe?s?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_cortex") , ("[Cc]holine", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choline") , ("[Cc]ognitive [Bb]iase?s?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_bias") , ("[Cc]ommoditize [Yy]our [Cc]omplement", "/complement") , ("[Cc]ommon ?[Cc]rawl", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Crawl") , ("[Cc]omparative advantage", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_advantage") , ("[Cc]omputational complexity", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_complexity_theory") , ("([Cc]onfidence[ -]interval.?|CIs?)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confidence_interval") , ("[Cc]onfounding", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confounding") , ("[Cc]onjunction fallacy", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_fallacy") , ("[Cc]onsanguineous marriages?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consanguine_marriage") , ("[Cc]onstructed language", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language") , ("[Cc]ontrastive", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.05113") , ("[Cc]owpox", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowpox") , ("[Cc]rowdsourcing", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crowdsourcing") , ("[Cc]ryonics?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryonics") , ("[Cc]ryopreserv(e.?|ation)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryopreservation") , ("[Cc]ryptographic hash function", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function") , ("[Cc]ypherpunk", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypherpunk") , ("[Dd]arcs", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darcs") , ("[Dd]ark [Tt]riad", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_triad") , ("[Dd]asatinib", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dasatinib") , ("[Dd]ata URI", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_URI_scheme") , ("[Dd]ecision[ -][Tt]heor(y|ies|etc)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_theory#Choice_under_uncertainty") , ("[Dd]eep brain stimulation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_brain_stimulation") , ("[Dd]efault [Mm]ode [Nn]etwork", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Default_mode_network") , ("[Dd]eliberate practice", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Practice_(learning_method)#Deliberate_practice") , ("[Dd]emand [Cc]haracteristics?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demand_characteristics") , ("[Dd]emographic transition", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographic_transition") , ("[Dd]endritic spines?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendritic_spine") , ("[Dd]esigner drug", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Designer_drug") , ("[Dd]ifferentiable", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differentiable_function") , ("[Dd]igit[ -]span", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digit_span") , ("[Dd]iminishing returns?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diminishing_returns") , ("[Dd]itche?s?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ditch_(fortification)") , ("[Dd]ominant [Aa]ssurance [Cc]ontract", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assurance_contract#Dominant_assurance_contracts") , ("[Dd]opamine", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine") , ("[Dd]ouble[ -]descent", "https://openai.com/research/deep-double-descent") , ("[Dd]ouble[ -]spend(ing)?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-spending") , ("[Dd]oujin(shi)?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doujinshi") , ("[Dd]ynamic programming", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_programming") , ("[Ee]-[Gg]old", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-gold") , ("[Ee]ffect[ -]sizes?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effect_sizes") , ("[Ee]nd[ -][Tt]o[ -][Ee]nd", "/doc/cs/end-to-end-principle/index") , ("[Ee]nhanced weathering", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_weathering") , ("[Ee]pistasis", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistasis") , ("[Ee]verything [Ii]s [Cc]orrelated", "/everything") , ("[Ee]xperience curves?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects") , ("[Ee]xponential distribution", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_distribution") , ("[Ff]actor analysis", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_analysis") , ("[Bb]i-?factor ?(model|models|modeling|analysis)?", "/doc/statistics/2019-markon.pdf") , ("[Ff]entanyl", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fentanyl") , ("[Ff]ixation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixation_%28population_genetics%29") , ("[Ff]ixing effect", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_fixedness") , ("[Ff]lehmen response", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flehmen_response") , ("[Ff]urry", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furry_fandom") , ("[Gg]alantamine", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galantamine") , ("[Gg]ame theory", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_theory") , ("([Gg]enetic [Cc]orrelations?.?|[Gg]enetically[ -]correlated?)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_correlation") , ("[Gg]enetic drift", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_drift") , ("[Gg]enome-[Ww]ide [Cc]omplex [Tt]rait [Aa]nalysis", "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Genome-wide_complex_trait_analysis&oldid=871165308") , ("[Gg]esamtkunstwerk", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesamtkunstwerk") , ("[Gg]gambler's ruin", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambler%27s_ruin") , ("[Gg]it", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git_%28software%29") , ("[Gg]lucagon", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucagon") , ("[Hg]awala", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawala") , ("[Hh]angul", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul") , ("[Hh]eterozygo(sity|us)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygosity#Heterozygous") , ("[Hh]idden-variable theor(y|ies)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden-variable_theory") , ("[Hh]igh jumping", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_jump") , ("[Hh]ikikomori", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikikomori") , ("[Hh]indsight bias", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindsight_bias") , ("[Hh]oly [Ww]ars?", "http://www.catb.org/jargon/html/H/holy-wars.html") , ("[Hh]omomorphic encryption", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homomorphic_encryption") , ("[Hh]omozygo(sity|us)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygosity#Homozygous") , ("[Hh]uperzine-A", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huperzine-A") , ("[Hh]ybridization", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)") , ("[Hh]ydrocephalus", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocephalus") , ("[Hh]yper ?[Nn]etworks", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.09106#google") , ("[Hh]yperbolic discounting", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic_discounting") , ("[Ii]diopathic hypersomnia", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_hypersomnia") , ("[Ii]nclusionists?", "https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Inclusionism") , ("[Jj]ello", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelatin_dessert") , ("[Jj]umping [Ss]piders?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumping_spider") , ("[Jj]ustified text", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typographic_alignment#Justified") , ("[Kk]amikaze", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamikaze") , ("[Kk]ratom", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitragyna_speciosa") , ("[Ll]atent", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent_variable") , ("[Ll]avaan", "https://lavaan.ugent.be/") , ("[Ll]azy evaluation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy_evaluation") , ("[Ll]evamisole", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levamisole") , ("[Ll]inear[ -][Pp]rogramming", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_programming") , ("[Ll]ipofuscin", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipofuscin") , ("[Ll]iraglutide", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liraglutide") , ("[Ll]ithium", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium") , ("[Ll]lithium [Oo]rotate", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_orotate") , ("[Ll]ocus [Cc]oeruleus", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus_coeruleus") , ("[Ll]ogistic regression", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistic_regression") , ("[Ll]oss functions?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_function") , ("[Ll]ucid dream(s|ing|er)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dream") , ("[Ll]ucid dreaming", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dreaming") , ("[Mm]aximum [Ll]ikelihood", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_likelihood_estimation") , ("[Mm]easurement[ -]error", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measurement_error") , ("[Mm]emoization", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoization") , ("[Mm]escaline", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mescaline") , ("[Mm]eta [Pp]seudo [Ll]abels", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.10580#google") , ("[Mm]eta[ -]analy(sis|ses|tic)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta-analysis") , ("[Mm]etformin", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metformin") , ("[Mm]icrobio(me|ta).?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbiome") , ("[Mm]ixed [Ii]nteger [Pp]rogramming", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_programming#Integer_unknowns") , ("[Mm]ixture [Mm]odel(s|ing)?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixture_model") , ("[Mm]odal [Rr]ealism", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modal_realism") , ("[Mm]ono no aware", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mono_no_aware") , ("[Mm]ultiple comparisons?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_comparisons_problem") , ("[Mm]ultiple discover(y|ies)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_discovery") , ("([Gg]enerali([zs]ed)? [Ll]inear [Mm]odels?|GLMs)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized_linear_model") -- exclude 'GLM' because that's https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.02414#baai , ("[Mm]ultivariate linear model", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multivariate_linear_model") , ("([Mm]utation load|[Gg]enetic load)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_load") , ("([Nn]-grams?|[Nn]-gram?)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-grams") , ("[Nn][- ]?body problems?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-body_problem") , ("[Nn]atural experiment", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_experiment") , ("[Nn]atural selection", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_selection") , ("[Nn]egative externalit(y|ies)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_externality") , ("[Nn]icotine", "/nicotine") , ("([Ee]lectronic [Cc]igarette|[Ee]-[Cc]igarette|[Vv]ap(ing|e))", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_cigarette") , ("[Nn]oble lie", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_lie") , ("[Nn]ootropics?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nootropics") , ("[Nn]ucleus [Ss]ampling", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.09751#allen") , ("[Oo]ld-style numerals?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_figures") , ("[Oo]perant conditioning", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operant_conditioning") , ("[Oo]pioids?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid") , ("[Oo]ptimal stopping", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal_stopping") , ("[Oo]ptogenetics?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optogenetics") , ("[Oo]rphan [Ww]ork", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orphan_work") , ("[Oo]taku", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otaku") , ("[Oo]utside [Vv]iew", "https://www.lesswrong.com/tag/inside-outside-view") , ("[Op]perations research", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operations_research") , ("[Op]pportunity cost", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity_cost") , ("[Pp]aracosm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracosm") , ("[Pp]arasocial", "/doc/sociology/technology/parasocial/index") , ("[Pp]areidolia", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareidolia") , ("[Pp]article filtering", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_filter") , ("[Pp]entobarbital", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentobarbital") , ("[Pp]erpetual futures", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpetual_futures") , ("[Pp]harmacogenomics", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacogenomics") , ("[Pp]iracetam", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piracetam") , ("[Pp]olyphasic sleep", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphasic_sleep") , ("[Pp]opulation genetics?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_genetics") , ("[Pp]ositional good", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positional_good") , ("[Pp]ower[ -]law", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_law") , ("[Pp]rediction [Mm]arket.?", "/prediction-market") , ("[Pp]rediction markets?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prediction_markets") , ("[Pp]redictron", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.08810#deepmind") , ("[Pp]rice discrimination", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_discrimination") , ("[Pp]riming", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priming_(psychology)") , ("[Pp]rincipal-agent problems?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal-agent_problems") , ("([Pp]riors|[Pp]rior probabil(y|ies)|[Pp]rior distributions?)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prior_probability") , ("[Pp]silocybin", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psilocybin") , ("[Pp]sychopath(y|ic|s)?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychopathy") , ("[Pp]ublic [Dd]omain", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain") , ("[Pp]ublic[ -]key cryptography", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-key_cryptography") , ("[Qq]-learning", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q-learning") , ("[Rr]adium", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radium") , ("[Rr]andom [Ff]orests?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_forest") , ("[Rr]ecognition memory", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recognition_memory") , ("[Rr]ecombination", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_recombination") , ("[Rr]ectified Gaussian", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectified_Gaussian_distribution") , ("[Rr]egression (to|toward) the mean", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regression_to_the_mean") , ("[Rr]egression [Dd]iscontinuity", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regression_discontinuity_design") , ("[Rr]einforcement [Ll]earning", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforcement_learning") , ("[Rr]evealed preference.?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revealed_preference") , ("[Rr]everse causation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation_does_not_imply_causation#B_causes_A_(reverse_causation_or_reverse_causality)") , ("[Rr]ice futures market", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%8Djima_Rice_Exchange") , ("[Rr]obots\\.txt", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robots.txt") , ("[Rr]sync", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rsync") , ("[Rr]ule of succession", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_succession") , ("[Ss]adis(m|tic|t|ts)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadistic_personality_disorder") , ("[Ss]caling [Hh]ypothesis", "/scaling-hypothesis") , ("[Ss]caling [Ll]aws?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_scaling_law") , ("([Ss]chizoid|[Ss]chizoid personality)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizoid_personality_disorder") , ("[Ss]ecurity[ -]through[ -]obscurity", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_through_obscurity") , ("[Ss]elegiline", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selegiline") , ("([Ss]emaglutide|Wegovy|Ozempic|Rybelsus)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semaglutide") , ("([Cc]ell(ular)?[Ss]enescen(ce|t).?|[Ss]enescen(ce|t).?)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_senescence") , ("[Ss]enolytics?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senolytic") , ("[Ss]equential analysis", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequential_analysis") , ("[Ss]exual selection", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_selection") , ("[Ss]peedrunning", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speedrunning") , ("[Ss]um of normally distributed random variables", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum_of_normally_distributed_random_variables") , ("[Ss]uperflat", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superflat") , ("[Ss]urvival analysis", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survival_analysis") , ("[Ss]urvivorship curve", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survivorship_curve") , ("[Tt]ime[ -]preference", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_preference") , ("[Tt]okusatsu", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokusatsu") , ("[Tt]ragedy of the anticommons", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_anticommons") , ("[Tt]ransfer RNAs?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_RNA") , ("[Tt]runcation selection", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truncation_selection") , ("[Vv]alue [Ii]teration [Nn]etworks?", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1602.02867#deepmind") , ("[Vv]alue-[Ee]quivalence", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.03506#deepmind") , ("[Vv]ariance", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variance") , ("[Vv]ariance[ -][Cc]omponent.?", "/doc/statistics/variance-component/index") , ("[Vv]itri(fied|fy|fying|fication)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitrification") , ("[Ww]abi[ -]sabi", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wabi-sabi") , ("[Ww]ake therapy", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wake_therapy") , ("[Ww]get", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wget") , ("[Ww]inner's curse", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winner%27s_curse") , ("[Ww]orse[ -][Ii]s[ -][Bb]etter", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worse_is_better") , ("[cC]onscientiousness", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscientiousness#Personality_models") , ("[pP]roper scoring rule", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proper_scoring_rule") , ("[rR]epeated measures", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeated_measures_design") , ("[tT]acit knowledge", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacit_knowledge") , ("\\/r\\/DecisionTheory", "https://www.reddit.com/r/DecisionTheory/") , ("[aA]dditive regression models", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized_additive_model") , ("[aA]rbtt", "https://arbtt.nomeata.de/") , ("brms", "https://github.com/paul-buerkner/brms#Overview") , ("[Cc]itronellol", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citronellol") , ("[Dd]el\\.icio\\.us", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delicious_(website)") , ("[Dd]rop-?caps?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial") , ("gMLP", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.08050#google") , ("[Gg]scan2pdf", "https://gscan2pdf.sourceforge.net/") , ("iGPT", "https://openai.com/index/image-gpt/") , ("(InstructGPT|GPT ?3\\.5)", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.02155#openai") , ("[Ii]nbreeding[ -]depression", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbreeding_depression") , ("lbpcascade_animeface", "https://github.com/nagadomi/lbpcascade_animeface") , ("[Ll]inkchecker", "https://github.com/linkchecker/linkchecker") , ("mRNAs?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messenger_RNA") , ("mT5", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11934#google") , ("mathjax-node-page", "https://github.com/pkra/mathjax-node-page/") , ("[Oo]crmypdf", "https://github.com/ocrmypdf/OCRmyPDF") , ("[Ss]hort[- ]?s(ale|elling)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_(finance)") , ("[Ss]ocial[- ]engineering", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_engineering_(security)") , ("[Ss]tyle[- ]transfers?", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1508.06576") -- style transfer, Gatys et al 2015 , ("t-SNE", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-distributed_stochastic_neighbor_embedding") , ("textgenrnn", "https://github.com/minimaxir/textgenrnn") , ("torch-rnn", "https://github.com/jcjohnson/torch-rnn") , ("uBlock [Oo]rigin", "https://github.com/gorhill/uBlock") , ("waifu2x", "https://github.com/nagadomi/waifu2x") , ("wav2vec 2\\.0", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.11477#facebook") , ("[Rr]ent[ -]seeking", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rent-seeking") , ("[Pp]ublic[ -]choice( theory)?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_choice") , ("(C.? [Ee]legans|Caenorhabditis elegans)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_elegans") , ("(([Dd]is)[Aa]ssortative [Mm]ating|[Aa]ssortativ(e|ity)|[Aa]ssortative [Mm]atching)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assortative_mating") , ("(SES|[Ss]ocio.?economic [Ss]tatus)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socioeconomic_status") , ("([Ee]xecutive [Ff]unction(.|ing)?|EFs?)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_functions") , ("(Rich Sutton|Rich S. Sutton|Richard S. Sutton|Richard Sutton)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_S._Sutton") , ("[Oo]bject.detection", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_detection") , ("([Aa]utomated|[Ii]mage|[Pp]anoptic|[Pp]ixel|[S]emantic) segmentations?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_segmentation") , ("[Bb]ounding.box.?.?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_bounding_box") , ("[Pp]ropensity[ -][Ss]core(s|[ -][Mm]atching|analysis|model|methods?)?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propensity_score_matching") , ("([Cc]atnip|[Nn]epeta [cc]ataria|[Cc]at nip|[Cc]atmint)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catnip") , ("([Vv]alerian|Valeriana officinalis)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerian_(herb)") , ("([Ss]ilver[ -]vine|Actinidia polygama|[Mm]atatabi)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinidia_polygama") , ("(Tatarian honeysuckle|[Hh]oneysuckle|Lonicera tatarica)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonicera_tatarica") , ("([a-zA-Z1-9.,]+-)?[Nn]epetalactone.?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepetalactone") , ("[Aa]ctinidine", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinidine") , ("(Gibbs sampl(er|ing)|Gibbs (learning )?algorithm.?)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbs_sampling") , ("(Felis catus|[Dd]omestic(ed)? cat.?|[Cc]ats?)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat") , ("(Drosophila melanogaster|D. [Mm]elanogaster|[Dd]rosophila)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosophila_melanogaster") , ("[Cc]ross[ -]entropy", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_entropy") , ("[Ee]ntropy", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_(information_theory)") -- doesn't look like most of my uses are physics but information theory , ("(([Rr]andomi[zs]ed )?[Cc]ontrol(led)? ((clinical[ -])?[Tt]rials?|[Ee]xperiment)|RCTs?)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial") , ("LaMDA", "https://blog.google/technology/ai/lamda/") , ("[Aa](llometric growth|llometric scaling|llometry)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allometry") , ("[Pp]edigree", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedigree_chart") , ("(N,N-dimethyltryptamine|N,N-DMT|DMT)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N,N-Dimethyltryptamine") , ("(MNIST|MNIST dataset|MNIST digit)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MNIST_database") , ("([Hh]idden [Mm]arkov [Mm]odel.?|[Hh]idden [Mm]arkov|HMM.?)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden_Markov_model") , ("[Dd]ata[ -][Aa]ugment(ation.?)?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_augmentation") , ("(JFT-300[Mm]?|JFT)", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.02968#google") , ("JFT-3[Bb]", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.04560#google") , ("([Mm]ethylphenidate|Ritalin|Concerta)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylphenidate") , ("([Aa]utism [Ss]pectrum|[Aa]utism [Ss]pectrum [Dd]isorders?|ASD)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism_spectrum") , ("(GSS|General Social Survey)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Social_Survey") , ("([Hh]aplotypes?)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplotype") , ("[Ss]ummary [Ss]tatistics?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summary_statistics") , ("[Pp]enetrance", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penetrance") , ("OLS( regressions?|regression models?)?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinary_least_squares") , ("[Ee]nsemble?s( learning| methods?)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensemble_learning") , ("fMRIs?( machine| study| experiment| data| task| responses)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_magnetic_resonance_imaging") , ("MuJoCo", "https://mujoco.org/") , ("VQGAN", "https://compvis.github.io/taming-transformers/") , ("(JAX|Jax)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_JAX") , ("([Ee]volution [Ss]trategy|[Ee]volution [Ss]trategies)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_strategy") , ("Rainbow DQN", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.02298#deepmind") , ("CIFAR-10", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIFAR-10") , ("CIFAR-100", "https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~kriz/cifar.html") , ("[Cc]linical[Tt]rials\\.gov", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ClinicalTrials.gov") , ("WikiText-103", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.07843") , ("YOLOv5", "https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/issues/6998#issue-1170533269") , ("SVHN", "https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37648.pdf") , ("Stable Diffusion", "https://stability.ai/news/stable-diffusion-public-release") , ("Omniglot", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.03477") , ("family history", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_history_(medicine)") , ("ADE20K", "https://paperswithcode.com/dataset/ade20k") , ("Cityscapes", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.01685") , ("PaLM", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.02311#google") , ("Human Connectome Project", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Connectome_Project") , ("PubMedQA", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.06146") , ("MMLU", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.03300") , ("MATH", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.03874") , ("[Ss]ystematic [Rr]eviews?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematic_review") , ("MS MARCO", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.09268#microsoft") , ("Procgen", "https://openai.com/research/procgen-benchmark") , ("([Ccc]hain[ -][Oo]f[ -][Tt]hought|CoT)", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.11903#google") -- Chain-of-thought/Chain-of-Thought/chain-of-thought/CoT inner-monologue variant , ("BIG-[Bb]ench", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.04615") -- BIG-bench / BIG-Bench , ("NLSY79", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Longitudinal_Surveys#NLSY79") , ("NLSY97", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Longitudinal_Surveys#NLSY97") , ("LibriSpeech", "https://danielpovey.com/files/2015_icassp_librispeech.pdf") , ("(AF2|AlphaFold[ -]?2)", "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03819-2#deepmind") , ("[Cc]erebellum", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebellum") , ("enwik8", "https://mattmahoney.net/dc/textdata.html") , ("[Pp]areto[ -]front(ier)?", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareto_front") , ("Whisper", "https://openai.com/index/whisper/") , ("F1[- ][Ss]core", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-score") , ("GSM8K", "https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.14168#openai") , ("BM25", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okapi_BM25") , ("([Ss]oftmax function|[Ss]oftmax|[Ss]oft ?argmax|[Nn]ormalized exponential function)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softmax_function") , ("[Ll]ayer [Nn]ormalization", "https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.06450") , ("GPT-4o", "https://openai.com/index/hello-gpt-4o/") ]