“Parasitoid Increases Survival of Its Pupae by Inducing Hosts to Fight Predators”, 2008-06-04 (; similar):
Many true parasites and parasitoids modify the behavior of their host, and these changes are thought to be to the benefit of the parasites. However, field tests of this hypothesis are scarce, and it is often unclear whether the host or the parasite profits from the behavioral changes, or even if parasitism is a cause or consequence of the behavior.
We show that braconid parasitoids (Glyptapanteles sp.) induce their caterpillar host (Thyrinteina leucocerae) to behave as a bodyguard of the parasitoid pupae. After parasitoid larvae exit from the host to pupate, the host stops feeding, remains close to the pupae, knocks off predators with violent head-swings, and dies before reaching adulthood. Unparasitized caterpillars do not show these behaviors.
In the field, the presence of bodyguard hosts resulted in a two-fold reduction in mortality of parasitoid pupae. Hence, the behavior appears to be parasitoid-induced and confers benefits exclusively to the parasitoid.