“Copied Citations Create Renowned Papers?”, M. V. Simkin, V. P. Roychowdhury2003-05-08 (, ; backlinks; similar)⁠:

Recently we discovered that the majority of scientific citations are copied from the lists of references used in other papers.

Here we show that a model, in which a scientist picks 3 random papers, cites them, and also copies a quarter of their references accounts quantitatively for empirically observed citation distribution.

Simple mathematical probability, not genius, can explain why some papers are cited a lot more than the other.