“Vision Transformers Are Good Mask Auto-Labelers”, Shiyi Lan, Xitong Yang, Zhiding Yu, Zuxuan Wu, Jose M. Alvarez, Anima Anandkumar2023-01-10 (Transformer)⁠:

We propose Mask Auto-Labeler (MAL), a high-quality Transformer-based mask auto-labeling framework for instance segmentation using only box annotations. MAL takes box-cropped images as inputs and conditionally generates their mask pseudo-labels.

We show that Vision Transformers are good mask auto-labelers. Our method reduces the gap between auto-labeling and human annotation regarding mask quality.

Instance segmentation models trained using the MAL-generated masks can nearly match the performance of their fully-supervised counterparts, retaining up to 97.4% performance of fully supervised models. The best model achieves 44.1% mAP on COCO instance segmentation (test-dev 2017), outperforming state-of-the-art box-supervised methods by large margins. Qualitative results indicate that masks produced by MAL are, in some cases, even better than human annotations.