“Evolved Policy Gradients”, Rein Houthooft, Richard Y. Chen, Phillip Isola, Bradly C. Stadie, Filip Wolski, Jonathan Ho, Pieter Abbeel2018-02-13 (, ; similar)⁠:

We propose a metalearning approach for learning gradient-based reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. The idea is to evolve a differentiable loss function, such that an agent, which optimizes its policy to minimize this loss, will achieve high rewards. The loss is parameterized via temporal convolutions over the agent’s experience. Because this loss is highly flexible in its ability to take into account the agent’s history, it enables fast task learning.

Empirical results show that our evolved policy gradient algorithm (EPG) achieves faster learning on several randomized environments compared to an off-the-shelf policy gradient method.

We also demonstrate that EPG’s learned loss can generalize to out-of-distribution test time tasks, and exhibits qualitatively different behavior from other popular metalearning algorithms.