“The Impact of Neighbourhood Deprivation on Adolescent Violent Criminality and Substance Misuse: A Longitudinal, Quasi-Experimental Study of the Total Swedish Population”, 2013-03-26 (; backlinks; similar):
We found that the adverse effect of neighbourhood deprivation on adolescent violent criminality and substance misuse in Sweden was not consistent with a causal inference.
Instead, our findings highlight the need to control for familial confounding in multilevel studies of criminality and substance misuse.