“Light-Driven Microdrones”, Xiaofei Wu, Raphael Ehehalt, Gary Razinskas, Thorsten Feichtner, Jin Qin, Bert Hecht2022-04-21 (tech)⁠:

When photons interact with matter, forces and torques occur due to the transfer of linear and angular momentum, respectively. The resulting accelerations are small for macroscopic objects but become substantial for microscopic objects with small masses and moments of inertia, rendering photon recoil very attractive to propel micro-objects and nano-objects [eg. optical tweezer]. However, until now, using light to control object motion in 2 or 3 dimensions in all 3 or 6° of freedom has remained an unsolved challenge.

Here we demonstrate light-driven microdrones (size roughly 2 μm and mass roughly 2 pg) in an aqueous environment that can be maneuvered in 2 dimensions in all 3 independent degrees of freedom (two translational and one rotational) using 2 overlapping unfocused light fields of 830 and 980 nm wavelength.

To actuate the microdrones independent of their orientation, we use up to 4 individually addressable chiral plasmonic nanoantennas acting as nanomotors that resonantly scatter the circular polarization components of the driving light into well-defined directions. The microdrones are maneuvered by only adjusting the optical power for each motor (the power of each circular polarization component of each wavelength). The actuation concept is therefore similar to that of macroscopic multirotor drones.

As a result, we demonstrate manual steering of the microdrones along complex paths. Since all degrees of freedom can be addressed independently and directly, feedback control loops may be used to counteract Brownian motion.

We posit that the microdrones can find applications in transport and release of cargo, nanomanipulation, and local probing and sensing of nano and mesoscale objects.