“Solution to the OK Corral Model via Decoupling of Friedman’s Urn”, J. F. C. Kingman, S. E. Volkov2003 (; similar)⁠:

We consider the OK Corral model formulated by Williams & McIlroy1998 and later studied by Kingman1999.

In this paper we refine some of Kingman’s results, by showing the connection between this model and Friedman’s urn, and using Rubin’s construction to decouple the urn.

Also we obtain the exact expression for the probability of survival of exactly S gunmen given an initially fair configuration.