“Neurosis and Human Growth: Chapter 11: ’Resignation: The Appeal of Freedom’”, Karen Horney1950 (schizoid personality, personality)⁠:

One of the most original psychoanalysts after Freud, Karen Horney pioneered such now familiar concepts as alienation, self-realization, and the idealized image, and she brought to psychoanalysis a new understanding of the importance of culture and environment. Karen Horney was born in Hamburg, Germany, in 1885 and studied at the University of Berlin, receiving her medical degree in 1913. 1914^–₄1918_106ya she studied psychiatry at Berlin-Lankwitz, Germany, and 1918^–₁₄1932_92ya taught at the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute. She participated in many international congresses, among them the historic discussion of lay analysis, chaired by Sigmund Freud. Dr. Horney came to the United States in 1932 and for two years was Associate Director of the Psychoanalytic Institute, Chicago. In 1934 she came to New York and was a member of the teaching staff of the New York Psychoanalytic Institute until 1941, when she became one of the founders of the Association for the Advancement of Psychoanalysis and the American Institute for Psychoanalysis. In Neurosis and Human Growth, Dr. Horney discusses the neurotic process as a special form of the human development, the antithesis of healthy growth. She unfolds the different stages of this situation, describing neurotic claims, the tyranny or inner dictates and the neurotic’s solutions for relieving the tensions of conflict in such emotional attitudes as domination, self-effacement, dependency, or resignation. Throughout, she outlines with penetrating insight the forces that work for and against the person’s realization of his or her potentialities.

…Chapter 11 (32 Pages): Resignation: The Appeal of Freedom

The Third major solution of the intrapsychic conflicts consists essentially in the neurotic’s withdrawing from the inner battlefield and declaring himself uninterested. If he can muster and maintain an attitude of “don’t care”, he feels less bothered by his inner conflicts and can attain a semblance of inner peace. Since he can do this only by resigning from active living, “resignation” seems a proper name for this solution. It is in a way the most radical of all solutions and, perhaps for this very reason, most often produces conditions that allow for a fairly smooth functioning. And, since our sense of what is healthy is generally blunted, resigned people often pass for “normal.”