“Event-Related Potentials and Recognition Memory”, Michael D. Rugg, Tim Curran2007-05-03 (; backlinks)⁠:

According to dual-process models, recognition memory is supported by distinct retrieval processes known as familiarity and recollection. Important evidence supporting the dual-process framework has come from studies using event-related brain potentials (ERPs).

These studies have identified two topographically distinct ERP correlates of recognition memory—the ‘parietal’ and ‘mid-frontal’ old/new effects—that are dissociated by variables that selectively modulate recollection and familiarity, respectively.

We evaluate the extent to which ERP data support dual-process models in light of the proposal that recollection is a continuous rather than a discrete memory process.

We also examine the claim that the putative ERP index of familiarity is a reflection of implicit rather than explicit memory.

We conclude that ERP findings continue to offer strong support for the dual-process perspective.