“Father’s Absence, Psychopathology, and Poetic Eminence”, Colin Martindale1972 (; backlinks)⁠:

Ratings of degree of psychopathology and of probability of cross-sexual identification were made on temporally stratified samples of 42 eminent English and French poets.

55% of Ss had life histories indicating some possibility of cross-sexual identification; of these, 30% came from father-absent homes.

48% exhibited some symptoms of psychopathology; of these, 15% were rated as psychotic.

Psychopathology and cross-sexual identification were highly related.

Reasons why temporally stratified samples should yield high incidence rates on the variables were explored.