“Epidemiology and Risk of Psychiatric Disorders among Patients With Celiac Disease: A Population-Based National Study”, 2021-02-08 ():
Background & Aim:
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic disorder resulting from an immune reaction to gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Although several studies have linked CD to psychiatric diseases, there are limited data on this topic.
Using a large database, we sought to describe the epidemiology of several psychiatric disorders in CD.
Methods: We queried a multicenter database (Explorys Inc), an aggregate of electronic health record data from 26 major integrated healthcare systems 2016–42020 consisting of 360 hospitals in the USA. A cohort of patients with a Systematized Nomenclature Of Medicine—Clinical Terms diagnosis of CD was identified. Multivariate analysis was performed using SPSS v25.
Results: Of the 37,465,810 patients in the database 2016–42020, there were 112,340 (0.30%) individuals with CD.
When compared with patients with no history of CD, patients with CD were more likely to have a history of anxiety (odds ratio [OR]: 1.385; 95% confidence interval [CI] : 1.364–1.407), depression (OR: 1.918; 95% CI: 1.888–1.947), bipolar (OR: 1.321; 95% CI: 1.289–1.354), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (OR: 1.753; 95% CI: 1.714–1.792), eating disorder (OR: 15.84; 95% CI: 15.533–16.154), and childhood autistic disorder (OR: 4.858; 95% CI: 3.626–6.508).
Patients with CD and psychiatric conditions were more likely to be smokers, with history of alcohol and substance abuse as well as a history of personality disorder.
Conclusions: In this large database, patients with CD are at increased risk of having multiple psychiatric diseases including anxiety, depression, bipolar, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, eating disorder, and childhood autism.
Individual care and referral to psychiatry when appropriate are warranted while taking care of this group of patients.