“Could Modafinil Be a Drug of Dependence?”, Rohan Dhillon, Xiaowen Wu, Tarun Bastiampillai, Prashant Tibrewa2015 (modafinil, psychiatry)⁠:

…we present a possible case of modafinil dependence.

Mr A is a 23-year old man prescribed modafinil 200 mg for 6 weeks as an adjunctive treatment for daytime hypersomnolence and fatigue following methamphetamine withdrawal.

The patient was admitted 6 months later with a methamphetamine-induced psychosis. It was discovered Mr A had also been abusing modafinil at a self-increased dose of 400 mg daily. His psychosis resolved and modafinil was to be ceased owing to lack of evidence in the long-term treatment of methamphetamine withdrawal.

Mr A became extremely agitated regarding the planned cessation. He stated that since commencing modafinil, his chronic methamphetamine use had decreased substantially from daily to episodic use. He spoke positively about modafinil helping him concentrate, feeling energized and becoming more productive. Mr A’s accounts were contrary to the history provided by his parents, who attributed his daily modafinil use as the cause for his recent difficulties in social and occupational functioning.

Following protracted discussions, Mr A reluctantly agreed to cease modafinil and did not experience any withdrawal symptoms.