“Extreme Measures for the Exceptionally Gifted in Mathematics and Science”, Daniel P. Keating, Julian C. Stanley1972-09 (SMPY)⁠:

What does one do for a junior high school student who already knows more mathematics than his teacher? The question is not as implausible as it may seem at first glance.

From preliminary work with 7^th, 8^th, and young 9^th graders at Johns Hopkins University, it is clear that a sizable number of these youngsters score extremely high on the College Entrance Examination Board (CEEB) Scholastic Aptitude Test-Mathematical (SAT-M) and Mathematics Level I Achievement Test (M-I), often higher than their math teachers probably would.

[discussion of first year SMPY testing results: SAT-M score distribution, grades/ages & sex imbalance, 2 acceleration case-studies, first math enrichment course.]