“Constructive Replication of the Visual-Perceptual-Image Rotation Model in Thurstone’s (194183ya) Battery of 60 Tests of Mental Ability”, Wendy Johnson, Thomas J. Bouchard Junior2005-07-01 (; backlinks; similar)⁠:

We recently evaluated the relative statistical performance of the Cattell-Horn fluid-crystallized model and the Vernon verbal-perceptual model of the structure of human intelligence in a sample of 436 adults heterogeneous for age, place of origin, and educational background who completed 42 separate tests of mental ability from 3 test batteries.

We concluded that the Vernon model’s performance was substantively superior but could be substantially improved. In so doing, we proposed a 4-stratum model with a g factor at the top of the hierarchy and 3 factors at the third stratum. We termed this the Verbal-Perceptual-Image Rotation (VPR) model.

In this study, we constructively replicated the model comparisons and development of the VPR model using the data matrix published by Thurstone & Thurstone1941 [, Factorial studies of intelligence]. The data matrix was generated by scores of 710 Chicago 8th graders on 60 tests of mental ability.

[Keywords: g factor, fluid and crystallized intelligence, verbal and perceptual abilities, mental rotation, spatial visualization, VPR theory]