“Transfer of Learning After Updating Training Mediated by the Striatum”, 2008-06-13 (; backlinks; similar):
Process-specific training can improve performance on untrained tasks, but the magnitude of gain is variable and often there is no transfer at all.
We demonstrate transfer to a 3-back test of working memory after 5 weeks of training in updating. The transfer effect was based on a joint training-related activity increase for the criterion (letter memory) and transfer tasks in a striatal region that also was recruited pretraining. No transfer was observed to a task that did not engage updating and striatal regions, and age-related striatal changes imposed constraints on transfer.
These findings indicate that transfer can occur if the criterion and transfer tasks engage specific overlapping processing components and brain regions.