“Exponentiated Gradient versus Gradient Descent for Linear Predictors”, Jyrki Kivinen, Manfred K. Warmuth1997-01-10 (neural net)⁠:

We consider two algorithms for on-line prediction based on a linear model. The algorithms are the well-known gradient descent (GD) algorithm and a new algorithm, which we call EG^±. They both maintain a weight vector using simple updates.

For the GD algorithm, the update is based on subtracting the gradient of the squared error made on a prediction. Whereas the EG^± algorithm uses the components of the gradient in the exponents of factors that are used in updating the weight vector multiplicatively.

We present worst-case loss bounds for EG^± and compare them to previously known bounds for the GD algorithm. The bounds suggest that the losses of the algorithms are in general incomparable, but EG^± has a much smaller loss if only few components of the input are relevant for the predictions.

We have performed experiments which show that our worst-case upper bounds are quite tight already on simple artificial data.