Validation

 

Zeo's SoftWave™ technology has been validated in two scientifically controlled studies by comparing it with full in-lab polysomnography, which experts consider to be the gold-standard for measuring sleep.

The aim of these IRB-approved studies was to demonstrate that the technology used in the Zeo Sleep Manager™ is reliable and accurate. Go to the published materials or download the available poster presentations through the links below.

Download scientific works here:

 
Shambroom JR, Fabregas SE, Johnstone J. Validation of an automated wireless system to monitor sleep in healthy adults. J Sleep Res. Published online ahead of print August 21, 2011. [Go to paper] Peer reviewed publication comparing Zeo's SoftWave technology against the gold standard for scoring sleep (polysomnography) and wrist actigraphy.


Abstract:

The availability of a reliable system to record sleep stage measures easily and automatically in ambulatory settings could be of utility for research and clinical work. The aim of this study was to evaluate a novel wireless system (WS) that does not require skilled preparation for the automatic collection and scoring of human sleep. Twenty-nine healthy adults underwent concurrent sleep measurement via the WS, polysomnography (PSG) and an actigraph (ACT) in a sleep laboratory for one assessment night preceded by an acclimation night. The PSG recordings were scored by two experienced trained technicians from separate laboratories. Each recording was scored by both technicians to Rechtschaffen and Kales (R&K) criteria. The WS and ACT were compared with each of the PSG scores and a consensus PSG score, and the PSG scores were compared with each other. Inter-rater agreement was assessed for each pair over all pooled epochs by percentage agreement, Cohen’s kappa and intraclass correlation coefficient. The WS agreement with each of the two PSG scores for sleep stages was 75.8 and 74.7%, respectively. WS agreement with each of the two PSG scores for sleep/wakefulness was 92.6 and 91.1%, ACT agreement with PSG was 86.3 and 85.7%. The PSG scorers’ agreement with each other for sleep stages was 83.2%, and for sleep/wakefulness was 95.8%. The findings from the current study indicate that the WS may provide an easy to use and accurate complement to other established technologies for measuring sleep in healthy adults.

 
Wright K, Johnstone J, Fabregas SE, Shambroom JR. Evaluation of a Portable, Dry Sensor-Based Automatic Sleep Monitoring System. Sleep. 2008;31 (Suppl.):A337. Abstract 1023. [Download Poster] [Download Abstract] SoftWave agreement with each of the two experts at any instant in time was similar to agreement the agreement between the two experts.



Wright K, Johnstone J, Fabregas SE, Shambroom JR. Assessment of Dry Headband Technology for Automatic Sleep Monitoring. Journal of Sleep Research. 2008;17 Suppl.1:230. Abstract P428. [Download Poster] [Download Abstract] Sleep summary measures were consistent between SoftWave and each of the two experts.

 

Fabregas SE, Johnstone J, Shambroom JR. Performance of a Wireless Dry Sensor System in Automatically Monitoring Sleep and Wakefulness. Sleep. 2009;32 (Suppl.):A388. Abstract 1189. [Download Poster] [Download Abstract]The SoftWave technology was able to differentiate sleep and wake at least as well as actigraphy and comparably to the two experts.

  
 Shambroom JR, Johnstone J, Fabregas SE. Evaluation of Portable Monitor for Sleep Staging. Sleep. 2009;32 (Suppl.):A386. Abstract 1182. [Download Poster] [Download Abstract] Sleep summary measures were consistent between Softwave, actigraphy, and the two experts.

Blake SK, Pittman SD, MacDonald MM, et al. Assessment of a wireless dry sensor to detect sleep in healthy volunteers and subjects with sleep disorders. Sleep. 2009;32 (Suppl.):A370. Abstract 1132. [Download Abstract]

Zeo Home Use Test
4 out of 5 users reported improved sleep quality. Prior to launching Zeo we conducted a test of home users of the Zeo Sleep Manager. While this study did not include a scientific control group, Zeo users reported significant improvements in the quality of their sleep and better functioning in the daytime. [Download Full Report]

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