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Gabapentin x50 600mg
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Medical uses Aside from being a great help with opiate withdrawl here are some other drug facts. Gabapentin is used primarily to treat seizures and neuropathic pain.[8] It is also commonly prescribed for many off-label uses, such as treatment of anxiety disorders,[9][10] insomnia, and bipolar disorder.[9] There are, however, concerns regarding the quality of the trials conducted and evidence...
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Product Description
Medical uses
Aside from being a great help with opiate withdrawl here are some other drug facts.
Gabapentin is used primarily to treat seizures and neuropathic pain.[8] It is also commonly prescribed for many off-label uses, such as treatment of anxiety disorders,[9][10] insomnia, and bipolar disorder.[9] There are, however, concerns regarding the quality of the trials conducted and evidence for some such uses, especially in the case of its use as a mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder.[11]
Seizures
Gabapentin is approved for treatment of focal seizures,[12] partial seizures and mixed seizures. There is insufficient evidence for its use in generalized epilepsy.[13]
Pain
There is weak evidence that gabapentin provides pain relief for around 10% of people who take it for fibromyalgia, and for chronic neuropathic pain.[6][14][needs update] The evidence is stronger for effectiveness in postherpetic neuralgia and diabetic neuropathy.[14] It may reduce opioid use following surgery,[15] and may be helpful in neuropathic pain due to cancer.[16]
Gabapentin does not ameliorate chronic pain after surgery.[15] It is not effective in HIV-associated sensory neuropathy.[17] When used for neuropathic pain it does not appear superior to carbamazepine.[18] It appears to be as effective as pregabalin and costs less.[19] It does not appear to provide benefit for complex regional pain syndrome[20]
There is no evidence that it is useful for migraine prevention.[21]
Anxiety disorders
Gabapentin is effective in social anxiety disorder, panic disorder[22][23] and generalized anxiety disorder.[9][10]
Other uses
Gabapentin may be useful in the treatment of comorbid anxiety in bipolar patients, (however not the bipolar state itself).[11][24][25] Gabapentin may be effective in acquired pendular nystagmus and infantile nystagmus, (but not periodic alternating nystagmus).[26][27] It is effective in hot flashes.[28][29][30] It may be effective in reducing pain and spasticity in multiple sclerosis.[31] Gabapentin may reduce symptoms of alcohol withdrawal (but it does not prevent the associated seizures).[32] Use for smoking cessation has had mixed results.[33][34] Gabapentin is effective in alleviating itching in renal failure (uremic pruritus)[35] and itching of other etiologies.[36] It is well-established in the treatment of restless leg syndrome. (A prodrug form, gabapentin enacarbil, is also effective.)[37] Gabapentin is effective in insomnia.[38][39]
Gabapentin is not effective alone as a mood-stabilizing treatment for bipolar disorder.[9] There is insufficient evidence to support its use in obsessive-compulsive disorder and treatment-resistant depression. Gabapentin does not appear effective for the treatment of tinnitus.[40]
Adverse effects
The most common side effects of gabapentin include dizziness, fatigue, drowsiness, ataxia, peripheral edema (swelling of extremities), nystagmus, and tremor.[41] Gabapentin may also produce sexual dysfunction in some patients, symptoms of which may include loss of libido, inability to reach orgasm, and erectile dysfunction.[42][43] Gabapentin should be used carefully in patients with renal impairment due to possible accumulation and toxicity.[44]
An increase in formation of adenocarcinomas was observed in rats during preclinical trials; however, the clinical significance of these results remains undetermined. Gabapentin is also known to induce pancreatic acinar cell carcinomas in rats through an unknown mechanism, perhaps by stimulation of DNA synthesis; these tumors did not affect the lifespan of the rats and did not metastasize.[45]
Suicide
In 2009 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued a warning of an increased risk of depression and suicidal thoughts and behaviors in patients taking gabapentin, along with other anticonvulsant drugs[46] modifying the packaging insert to reflect this.[41] A 2010 meta analysis confirmed the increased risk of suicide associated with gabapentin use.[47]
Overdose
Persons who accidentally or intentionally ingested overdoses may have drowsiness, sedation, blurred vision, slurred speech, somnolence and possibly death, if a very high amount was taken, particularly if combined with alcohol. Serum gabapentin concentrations may be measured to confirm diagnosis.[48]
Pharmacology
Gabapentin was initially synthesized to mimic the chemical structure of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), but is believed to act on different brain receptors.[citation needed]
Some of its activity may involve interaction with voltage-gated calcium channels. Gabapentin binds to the α2δ subunit (1 and 2) and has been found to reduce calcium currents after chronic but not acute application via an effect on trafficking[49] of voltage-dependent calcium channels in the central nervous system.[50] Another possible mechanism of action is that gabapentin halts the formation of new synapses.[51]
Mechanism of action
The mechanism