| # converted from Moravec 1998 <https://jetpress.org/volume1/moravec.htm> Figure 2 Appendix <https://www.jetpress.org/volume1/appendix.htm> | ||||||
| # original header: Machine Year Cost k$ 1997k$ MBytes MIPS MIPS/1997k$ | ||||||
| Machine | Year | Cost.dollars.thousands | 1997.dollars.thousands | MBytes | MIPS | MIPSper1997.dollars.thousands |
| By Hand | 1892 | 8.5 | 142 | 0.0000954 | 0.0000000119 | 8.37E-11 |
| Ohdner | 1891 | 11 | 172 | 0.000000149 | 0.00000000333 | 1.94E-11 |
| Steiger Millionaire | 1900 | 12 | 187 | 0.000000358 | 0.0000000133 | 7.12E-11 |
| Hollerith | 1908 | 50 | 694 | 0.000286 | 0.0000000185 | 2.67E-11 |
| Analytical Engine | 1910 | 1000 | 12400 | 0.0244 | 0.000000377 | 3.05E-11 |
| Monroe Calculator | 1911 | 35 | 470 | 0.00000286 | 0.0000000218 | 4.64E-11 |
| IBM Tabulator | 1919 | 20 | 126 | 0.0000238 | 0.0000000412 | 3.27E-10 |
| Torres Arithmometer | 1920 | 25 | 141 | 0.00000477 | 0.0000000358 | 2.53E-10 |
| National-Ellis 3000 | 1928 | 15 | 135 | 0.00000429 | 0.0000000738 | 5.46E-10 |
| Burroughs Class 16 | 1929 | 15 | 137 | 0.00000429 | 0.0000000738 | 5.37E-10 |
| Zuse-1 | 1938 | 10 | 111 | 0.0000305 | 0.0000000424 | 3.82E-10 |
| Zuse-2 | 1939 | 10 | 113 | 0.0000305 | 0.000000424 | 0.00000000375 |
| BTL Model 1 | 1939 | 50 | 565 | 0.00000381 | 0.000002 | 0.00000000354 |
| Zuse-3 | 1941 | 50 | 499 | 0.000244 | 0.00000204 | 0.00000000409 |
| BTL Model 2 | 1943 | 50 | 422 | 0.0000119 | 0.00000103 | 0.00000000244 |
| Colossus | 1943 | 100 | 844 | 0.00000238 | 0.000224 | 0.000000265 |
| BTL Model 3 | 1943 | 200 | 1690 | 0.0000429 | 0.00000283 | 0.00000000168 |
| ASCC (Mark 1) | 1944 | 300 | 2520 | 0.000601 | 0.00000233 | 9.26E-10 |
| Zuse-4 | 1945 | 50 | 412 | 0.000244 | 0.00000204 | 0.00000000496 |
| BTL Model 5 | 1946 | 500 | 3610 | 0.000147 | 0.00000329 | 9.12E-10 |
| ENIAC | 1946 | 600 | 4330 | 0.0000954 | 0.00289 | 0.000000668 |
| Harvard Mark 2 | 1947 | 300 | 1770 | 0.000488 | 0.00000622 | 0.00000000352 |
| IBM SSEC | 1948 | 500 | 2710 | 0.0000458 | 0.000597 | 0.00000022 |
| EDSAC | 1949 | 100 | 571 | 0.00214 | 0.00255 | 0.00000446 |
| SEAC | 1950 | 800 | 4400 | 0.00549 | 0.00416 | 0.000000944 |
| UNIVAC I | 1951 | 930 | 4590 | 0.00537 | 0.00575 | 0.00000125 |
| Zuse-5 | 1952 | 100 | 508 | 0.000244 | 0.00000933 | 0.0000000184 |
| IBM CPC | 1952 | 100 | 508 | 0.000154 | 0.00176 | 0.00000347 |
| IBM 650 | 1953 | 200 | 1030 | 0.00488 | 0.000966 | 0.00000094 |
| EDVAC | 1954 | 500 | 2570 | 0.00537 | 0.0017 | 0.000000661 |
| Whirlwind | 1955 | 200 | 1030 | 0.00391 | 0.0694 | 0.0000677 |
| Librascope LGP-30 | 1955 | 30 | 154 | 0.0146 | 0.000701 | 0.00000456 |
| IBM 704 | 1955 | 2000 | 10300 | 0.0352 | 0.0536 | 0.00000523 |
| IBM 7090 | 1959 | 3000 | 14200 | 0.141 | 0.326 | 0.0000229 |
| IBM 1620 | 1960 | 200 | 947 | 0.0122 | 0.00103 | 0.00000109 |
| DEC PDP-1 | 1960 | 150 | 710 | 0.0176 | 0.124 | 0.000175 |
| Atlas | 1961 | 5000 | 23800 | 0.0234 | 1.4 | 0.0000588 |
| Burroughs 5000 | 1962 | 1000 | 4750 | 0.0254 | 0.0989 | 0.0000208 |
| IBM 7040 | 1963 | 560 | 2670 | 0.07 | 0.063 | 0.0000236 |
| Honeywell 1800 | 1963 | 1400 | 6670 | 0.093 | 0.15 | 0.0000225 |
| DEC PDP-6 | 1964 | 300 | 1420 | 0.0703 | 0.169 | 0.000119 |
| CDC 6600 | 1964 | 5000 | 23700 | 4 | 8.76 | 0.000369 |
| IBM 1130 | 1965 | 50 | 233 | 0.0156 | 0.15 | 0.000644 |
| IBM 360/75 | 1966 | 5000 | 22500 | 8 | 2.54 | 0.000113 |
| IBM 360/65 | 1967 | 3000 | 13500 | 4 | 1.24 | 0.0000918 |
| DEC PDP-10 | 1968 | 500 | 2190 | 0.562 | 0.655 | 0.000299 |
| CDC 7600 | 1969 | 10000 | 42300 | 8 | 25.7 | 0.000608 |
| DG Nova | 1969 | 7.6 | 32.1 | 0.008 | 0.117 | 0.00366 |
| GE-635 | 1970 | 2000 | 8140 | 0.5 | 0.649 | 0.0000797 |
| SDS 920 | 1971 | 100 | 394 | 0.25 | 0.105 | 0.000266 |
| IBM 360/195 | 1972 | 8000 | 30200 | 0.5 | 17.3 | 0.000573 |
| Honeywell 700 | 1972 | 12 | 45.2 | 0.031 | 0.075 | 0.00166 |
| Prime Computer 100 | 1973 | 8.5 | 28.4 | 0.031 | 0.36 | 0.0127 |
| IBM-370/168 | 1974 | 2000 | 5610 | 1 | 8.88 | 0.00158 |
| MITS Altair | 1974 | 0.5 | 1.4 | 0.00024 | 0.01 | 0.00713 |
| DG Eclipse | 1975 | 50 | 129 | 0.25 | 0.47 | 0.00366 |
| DEC-KL-10 | 1975 | 500 | 1290 | 4.5 | 2.3 | 0.00179 |
| DEC PDP-11/70 | 1976 | 150 | 368 | 0.125 | 0.4 | 0.00109 |
| Cray-1 | 1976 | 10000 | 24500 | 32 | 150 | 0.00612 |
| Apple II | 1977 | 1.3 | 3.02 | 0.0039 | 0.02 | 0.00662 |
| DEC VAX 11/780 | 1977 | 200 | 464 | 8 | 1 | 0.00215 |
| TRS-80 | 1977 | 2 | 4.64 | 0.015 | 0.04 | 0.00861 |
| Commodore PET | 1977 | 1.5 | 3.48 | 0.008 | 0.06 | 0.0172 |
| CDC IPL | 1978 | 500 | 1080 | 1 | 7.5 | 0.00697 |
| Nanodata VMX200 | 1979 | 300 | 571 | 2 | 2.1 | 0.00367 |
| TRS-80 M3 | 1980 | 1.2 | 2 | 0.015 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| Sun-1 | 1980 | 30 | 50.1 | 1 | 0.484 | 0.00966 |
| CDC Cyber-205 | 1981 | 9000 | 13900 | 16 | 73.2 | 0.00528 |
| Vic 20 | 1981 | 0.279 | 0.43 | 0.005 | 0.04 | 0.0931 |
| IBM PC | 1982 | 2.5 | 3.75 | 0.0469 | 0.238 | 0.0634 |
| Sun-2 | 1982 | 20 | 30 | 2 | 0.741 | 0.0247 |
| Commodore 64 | 1982 | 0.5 | 0.75 | 0.0825 | 0.2 | 0.267 |
| TRS-80 M4 | 1983 | 1 | 1.49 | 0.0635 | 0.2 | 0.134 |
| Vax 11/750 | 1983 | 50 | 74.4 | 4 | 0.799 | 0.0107 |
| Macintosh-128K | 1984 | 2.5 | 3.62 | 0.125 | 0.52 | 0.144 |
| Vax 11/785 | 1984 | 200 | 290 | 0.0156 | 2.26 | 0.0078 |
| Cray-2 | 1985 | 10000 | 14500 | 1950 | 824 | 0.0569 |
| L.Edge XT-7.16 | 1985 | 2 | 2.89 | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.09 |
| Atari 800XL | 1985 | 0.85 | 1.23 | 0.64 | 0.165 | 0.134 |
| Sun-3 | 1986 | 10 | 14.1 | 4 | 2.05 | 0.145 |
| DEC VAX 8650 | 1986 | 125 | 176 | 16 | 7.71 | 0.0438 |
| MIT XT-8 | 1986 | 0.5 | 0.705 | 0.25 | 0.534 | 0.758 |
| Mac II | 1987 | 3 | 4.11 | 2 | 2.5 | 0.608 |
| Sun-4 | 1987 | 10 | 13.7 | 16 | 1.87 | 0.136 |
| Mac-IIx | 1988 | 9.3 | 12.1 | 4 | 3.9 | 0.322 |
| CompuAdd 386-16 | 1988 | 2.1 | 2.73 | 1 | 2.8 | 1.02 |
| PC Brand 386-25 | 1988 | 2.45 | 3.2 | 1 | 4.3 | 1.35 |
| Mark 386 | 1989 | 12 | 15.2 | 2 | 12.9 | 0.849 |
| Wang VS 10000 | 1989 | 510 | 646 | 16 | 103 | 0.159 |
| Macintosh SE30 | 1989 | 6.49 | 8.23 | 5 | 3.9 | 0.474 |
| Solbourne 5/500 | 1989 | 50 | 63.3 | 2 | 25.5 | 0.403 |
| Stardent 3000 | 1990 | 89 | 109 | 32 | 27.3 | 0.249 |
| Amiga 2500/30 | 1990 | 4.7 | 5.78 | 2 | 19.5 | 3.37 |
| Acer 1200 | 1990 | 11 | 13.5 | 4 | 20 | 1.48 |
| MVME165 | 1990 | 4 | 4.92 | 4 | 16.6 | 3.37 |
| Power VEISA | 1990 | 5.8 | 7.13 | 6 | 22.1 | 3.1 |
| Dell 320LX | 1990 | 2.9 | 3.57 | 1 | 12.5 | 3.5 |
| Mac IIfx | 1990 | 9.87 | 12.1 | 4 | 10 | 0.824 |
| Amiga 3000 | 1990 | 3.3 | 4.06 | 2 | 12.5 | 3.08 |
| VMPM868KD | 1990 | 2.9 | 3.57 | 2 | 12.5 | 3.5 |
| Step 486/33 | 1990 | 10 | 12.3 | 80 | 17.5 | 1.42 |
| Gateway-486DX2/66 | 1991 | 3.9 | 4.66 | 8 | 30.9 | 6.64 |
| ACT 468/33 | 1991 | 3.4 | 4.06 | 4 | 21.8 | 5.37 |
| Slimline SP486DX | 1991 | 3.6 | 4.3 | 4 | 21.8 | 5.07 |
| Mac-Quadra-900 | 1991 | 3.3 | 3.94 | 8 | 22 | 5.58 |
| AST Bravo | 1992 | 1.4 | 1.62 | 2 | 12.9 | 7.95 |
| IBM PS/2 55-041 | 1992 | 2 | 2.32 | 4 | 10.6 | 4.57 |
| AST Premium II | 1992 | 2.8 | 3.25 | 4 | 13.2 | 4.07 |
| IBM PS/2 90 | 1992 | 9.6 | 11.1 | 8 | 22.4 | 2.01 |
| NEC Powermate | 1992 | 4.8 | 5.56 | 4 | 21.8 | 3.92 |
| Aberdeen Mini | 1993 | 2.8 | 3.15 | 2 | 16.2 | 5.14 |
| IBM Valuepoint | 1993 | 3.6 | 4.05 | 4 | 26.1 | 6.44 |
| Acer Power | 1993 | 3.5 | 3.94 | 4 | 44.5 | 11.3 |
| Ambra Desktop | 1993 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2 | 21.1 | 7.81 |
| DECpc LPv | 1993 | 2.9 | 3.26 | 4 | 16.6 | 5.09 |
| AST Pemmia | 1993 | 3.6 | 4.05 | 2 | 16.2 | 4 |
| NEC 486SL DX2 | 1994 | 3.8 | 4.15 | 4 | 31.9 | 7.68 |
| Vesa | 1994 | 1.2 | 1.31 | 4 | 20 | 15.3 |
| AT&T System 3260 | 1994 | 2.5 | 2.73 | 8 | 44 | 16.1 |
| IBM 433/DX/Si | 1994 | 1.8 | 1.97 | 4 | 26.1 | 13.3 |
| Micron 466 Wndsrvr | 1994 | 3.6 | 3.93 | 16 | 54.7 | 13.9 |
| AST PremiaGXP/90 | 1994 | 5.8 | 6.34 | 16 | 98.6 | 15.6 |
| AT&T Globalyst 600 | 1994 | 4.8 | 5.25 | 16 | 98.6 | 18.8 |
| ZEOS Contenda 386 | 1994 | 1 | 1.09 | 4 | 20 | 18.3 |
| Gateway 2000 486 | 1994 | 1 | 1.09 | 2 | 16.2 | 14.8 |
| PowerMac 7100/66 | 1994 | 2.9 | 3.17 | 8 | 100 | 31.6 |
| PowerMac 8100/80 | 1994 | 4.25 | 4.64 | 16 | 120 | 25.8 |
| PowerMac 8500/120 | 1995 | 4 | 4.24 | 16 | 180 | 42.4 |
| PowerMac 9500/132 | 1995 | 5.3 | 5.62 | 16 | 200 | 35.6 |
| Intel Xpress/60 | 1995 | 2 | 2.12 | 8 | 70 | 33 |
| Gateway P5-75 | 1996 | 2 | 2.06 | 16 | 92 | 44.7 |
| Power Tower 180e | 1996 | 3.3 | 3.39 | 16 | 300 | 88.4 |
| PowerMac 7600/132 | 1996 | 3 | 3.09 | 16 | 160 | 51.8 |
| Gateway G6-200 | 1997 | 2.95 | 2.95 | 64 | 350 | 119 |