---
title: '‘poetry by AI’ directory'
description: "Bibliography for directory <code>ai/poetry</code>, most recent first: 2 <a class='icon-not' href='/doc/ai/poetry/index#see-alsos'>related tags</a>, 26 <a class='icon-not' href='/doc/ai/poetry/index#links'>annotations</a>, & 36 <a class='icon-not' href='/doc/ai/poetry/index#miscellaneous'>links</a> (<a href='/doc/ai/index' class='link-page link-tag directory-indexes-upwards link-annotated' data-link-icon='arrow-up-left' data-link-icon-type='svg' rel='tag' title='Link to parent directory'>parent</a>)."
created: 2019-09-14
modified: 2026-09-22
status: in progress
previous: /doc/ai/nn/vae/mae/index
next: /doc/ai/scaling/index
confidence: log
importance: 0
css-extension: dropcaps-not
index: True
backlink: False
...

# See Also

::: {#see-alsos .directory-indexes .columns}
-   [Parent ('*`AI`{=html}*' tag)](/doc/ai/index "Link to parent directory 'doc/ai/' (ascending)"){#_zsVHfDNX
    .link-annotated .link-tag .directory-indexes-upwards rel="tag"}

-   [*`NN sampling`{=html}*](/doc/ai/nn/sampling/index "‘NN sampling’ directory"){#_NogYKzFB
    .link-annotated .link-tag .directory-indexes-sideways rel="tag"}

-   [*`LM tokenization`{=html}*](/doc/ai/nn/tokenization/index "‘LM tokenization’ directory"){#_OVxPkujb
    .link-annotated .link-tag .directory-indexes-sideways rel="tag"}
:::

# Gwern {.display-pop-not}

## `“Apollonian #2: The River That Forgets”, Gwern et al 2026`{=html} {#gwern-et-al-2026-section}

**[`Apollonian #2: The River That Forgets`{=html}](/fiction/alice "'Apollonian #2: The River That Forgets', Gwern et al 2026"){.link-annotated-partial
.id-not .include-annotation}**

## `“Sand, Rain, Wood”, Gemini-3.1-pro-preview et al 2026`{=html} {#gemini-31-pro-preview-et-al-2026-section}

**[`Sand, Rain, Wood`{=html}](/fiction/walking "'Sand, Rain, Wood', Gemini-3.1-pro-preview et al 2026"){.link-annotated
.id-not .include-annotation}**

## `“𝑇𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑘𝑘𝘩𝑎𝑛𝑎: The 3 Scars of Existence”, Gwern et al 2025`{=html} {#gwern-et-al-2025-section}

**[`𝑇𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑘𝑘𝘩𝑎𝑛𝑎: The 3 Scars of Existence`{=html}](/fiction/tilakkhana "'𝑇𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑘𝑘𝘩𝑎𝑛𝑎: The 3 Scars of Existence', Gwern et al 2025"){.link-annotated
.id-not .include-annotation}**

## `“‘Elegy in a Craneyard’ Graveyard Notes”, Gwern et al 2026`{=html} {#gwern-2026-elegyinacraneyard-graveyard-section}

**[`‘Elegy in a Craneyard’ graveyard notes`{=html}](/doc/ai/nn/transformer/gpt/claude/4/2026-04-05-gwern-elegyinacraneyard-llmgraveyard.txt "'‘Elegy in a Craneyard’ graveyard notes', Gwern et al 2026"){.link-annotated-partial
.id-not .include-annotation link-icon="txt" link-icon-type="svg"}**

## `“Elegy in a Craneyard”, Gwern et al 2026`{=html} {#gwern-et-al-2026-section}

**[`Elegy in a Craneyard`{=html}](/fiction/craneyard "'Elegy in a Craneyard', Gwern et al 2026"){.link-annotated
.id-not .include-annotation}**

## `“ChatGPT—Human Perception at a Red Light”, Gwern & Pro 2026`{=html} {#gwern-pro-2026-section}

**[`ChatGPT—Human Perception at a Red Light`{=html}](https://chatgpt.com/share/69c35399-4edc-83e8-8f79-07ca8c816d71 "'ChatGPT—Human Perception at a Red Light', Gwern & Pro 2026"){.link-annotated-partial
.id-not .include-annotation link-icon="openai" link-icon-type="svg"}**

## `“Human Perception at a Red Light”, Gwern & Pro 2026`{=html} {#gwern-pro-2026-section}

**[`Human Perception at a Red Light`{=html}](/fiction/hays "'Human Perception at a Red Light', Gwern & Pro 2026"){.link-annotated
.id-not .include-annotation}**

## `“My 2025 LLM System Prompts”, Gwern et al 2025`{=html} {#gwern-et-al-2025-section}

**[`My 2025 LLM System Prompts`{=html}](/system-prompts-2025 "'My 2025 LLM System Prompts', Gwern et al 2025"){.link-annotated
.id-not .include-annotation}**

## `“Apollonian #1: The Counted & the Crowned”, Gwern et al 2025`{=html} {#gwern-et-al-2025-section}

**[`Apollonian #1: The Counted & the Crowned`{=html}](/fiction/lab-animals "'Apollonian #1: The Counted & the Crowned', Gwern et al 2025"){.link-annotated
.id-not .include-annotation}**

## `“‘The Fourth Truth Of Pain’ Graveyard”, Gwern et al 2022`{=html} {#gwern-et-al-2022-section}

**[`‘The Fourth Truth Of Pain’ Graveyard`{=html}](/fiction/this-last-pain-graveyard "'‘The Fourth Truth Of Pain’ Graveyard', Gwern et al 2022"){.link-annotated
.id-not .include-annotation}**

## `“The Fourth Truth Of Pain”, Gwern et al 2022`{=html} {#gwern-et-al-2022-section}

**[`The Fourth Truth Of Pain`{=html}](/fiction/this-last-pain "'The Fourth Truth Of Pain', Gwern et al 2022"){.link-annotated-partial
.id-not .include-annotation}**

## `“A Christmas Protestation”, Gwern et al 2024`{=html} {#gwern-et-al-2024-section}

**[`A Christmas Protestation`{=html}](/fiction/christmas "'A Christmas Protestation', Gwern et al 2024"){.link-annotated
.id-not .include-annotation}**

## `“Silver Bird Above San Francisco”, Gwern et al 2025`{=html} {#gwern-et-al-2025-section}

**[`Silver Bird Above San Francisco`{=html}](/fiction/silver-bird "'Silver Bird Above San Francisco', Gwern et al 2025"){.link-annotated
.id-not .include-annotation}**

## `“RNN Metadata for Mimicking Author Style”, Gwern 2015`{=html} {#gwern-rnn-metadata-section}

**[`RNN Metadata for Mimicking Author Style`{=html}](/rnn-metadata "'RNN Metadata for Mimicking Author Style', Gwern 2015"){.link-annotated
.id-not .include-annotation}**

# Links {.display-pop-not}

## `“<em>Samsoniad: Epic Poem of 7 Scrolls in Sibilant Verse</em>: Seed • Sweetness • Scourge • Snares • Shears • Sockets • Stones • Songs”, Claude-5-Fable & Mollick 2026`{=html} {#claude-5-fable-mollick-2026-section}

**[`<em>Samsoniad: Epic Poem of 7 Scrolls in Sibilant Verse</em>: Seed • Sweetness • Scourge • Snares • Shears • Sockets • Stones • Songs`{=html}](https://claude.ai/public/artifacts/32ebc671-f415-4072-b46d-5353d4ffaad4 "'<em>Samsoniad: Epic Poem of 7 Scrolls in Sibilant Verse</em>: Seed • Sweetness • Scourge • Snares • Shears • Sockets • Stones • Songs', Claude-5-Fable & Mollick 2026"){.link-annotated-partial
.id-not .include-annotation}**

## `“AI Is Incapable of Poetry: It’s Incapable of Producing Anything Creative That Isn’t Dreck”, Pollitt 2026`{=html} {#pollitt-2026-section}

**[`AI Is Incapable of Poetry: It’s incapable of producing anything creative that isn’t dreck`{=html}](https://www.thenation.com/article/society/ai-poetry-grok-chatgpt/ "'AI Is Incapable of Poetry: It’s incapable of producing anything creative that isn’t dreck', Pollitt 2026"){.link-annotated-partial
.id-not .include-annotation}**

## `“From Whitman to Instagram With Claude: How I Made Claude Write Parodies of Famous Elegiac Poems Imitating Rupi Kaur”, Bohdan 2026`{=html} {#bohdan-2026-section}

**[`From Whitman to Instagram with Claude: How I made Claude write parodies of famous elegiac poems imitating Rupi Kaur`{=html}](https://dbohdan.com/kaur "'From Whitman to Instagram with Claude: How I made Claude write parodies of famous elegiac poems imitating Rupi Kaur', Bohdan 2026"){.link-annotated-partial
.id-not .include-annotation}**

## `“Embrace Your Lack: <em>Pluribus</em>, Culture, Language Models, Performance”, Robbins 2026`{=html} {#robbins-2026-section}

**[`Embrace your lack: <em>Pluribus</em>, culture, language models, performance`{=html}](https://hollisrobbinsanecdotal.substack.com/p/embrace-your-lack "'Embrace your lack: <em>Pluribus</em>, culture, language models, performance', Robbins 2026"){.link-annotated-partial
.id-not .include-annotation link-icon="substack" link-icon-type="svg"
link-icon-color="#ff6719"}**

## `“LLM Poetry and the ‘Greatness’ Question: Experiments by Gwern and Mercor”, Robbins 2026`{=html} {#robbins-2026-section}

**[`LLM poetry and the ‘greatness’ question: Experiments by Gwern and Mercor`{=html}](https://hollisrobbinsanecdotal.substack.com/p/llm-poetry-and-the-greatness-question "'LLM poetry and the ‘greatness’ question: Experiments by Gwern and Mercor', Robbins 2026"){.link-annotated-partial
.id-not .include-annotation link-icon="substack" link-icon-type="svg"
link-icon-color="#ff6719"}**

## `“Large Language Models and the Entropy of English”, Scheibner et al 2025`{=html} {#scheibner-et-al-2025-section}

**[`Large language models and the entropy of English`{=html}](https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.24969 "'Large language models and the entropy of English', Scheibner et al 2025"){.link-annotated
.id-not .include-annotation link-icon="𝛘" link-icon-type="text"
link-icon-color="#b31b1b"}**

## `“Adversarial Poetry As a Universal Single-Turn Jailbreak Mechanism in Large Language Models”, Bisconti et al 2025`{=html} {#bisconti-et-al-2025-section}

**[`Adversarial Poetry as a Universal Single-Turn Jailbreak Mechanism in Large Language Models`{=html}](https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.15304 "'Adversarial Poetry as a Universal Single-Turn Jailbreak Mechanism in Large Language Models', Bisconti et al 2025"){.link-modified-recently
.link-annotated .id-not .include-annotation link-icon="𝛘"
link-icon-type="text" link-icon-color="#b31b1b"}**

## `“Verbalized Sampling: How to Mitigate Mode Collapse and Unlock LLM Diversity”, Zhang et al 2025`{=html} {#zhang-et-al-2025-section}

**[`Verbalized Sampling: How to Mitigate Mode Collapse and Unlock LLM Diversity`{=html}](https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.01171 "'Verbalized Sampling: How to Mitigate Mode Collapse and Unlock LLM Diversity', Zhang et al 2025"){.link-annotated
.id-not .include-annotation link-icon="𝛘" link-icon-type="text"
link-icon-color="#b31b1b"}**

## `“The Neruda Factory”, Jenn 2024`{=html} {#jenn-2024-section}

**[`The Neruda Factory`{=html}](https://jenn.site/2024/11/you-are-pablo-neruda-it-is-dawn-at-isla-negra-in-1968-matilde-is-asleep-in-your-bed-write-what-comes/ "'The Neruda Factory', Jenn 2024"){.link-annotated-partial
.id-not .include-annotation}**

## `“The GPT”, Ngo 2024`{=html} {#ngo-2024-section}

**[`The GPT`{=html}](https://www.narrativeark.xyz/p/epistemic-status-poetry-and-other "'The GPT', Ngo 2024"){.link-annotated
.id-not .include-annotation}**

## `“QDAIF: Quality-Diversity through AI Feedback”, Bradley et al 2023`{=html} {#bradley-et-al-2023-section}

**[`QDAIF: Quality-Diversity through AI Feedback`{=html}](https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.13032#alephalpha "'QDAIF: Quality-Diversity through AI Feedback', Bradley et al 2023"){.link-annotated
.id-not .include-annotation link-icon="𝛘" link-icon-type="text"
link-icon-color="#b31b1b"}**

## `“Weird AI Yankovic: Generating Parody Lyrics”, Riedl 2020`{=html} {#riedl-2020-section}

**[`Weird AI Yankovic: Generating Parody Lyrics`{=html}](https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.12240 "'Weird AI Yankovic: Generating Parody Lyrics', Riedl 2020"){.link-annotated
.id-not .include-annotation link-icon="𝛘" link-icon-type="text"
link-icon-color="#b31b1b"}**

## `“Can GPT-3 Pass a Writer’s Turing Test?”, Elkins & Chun 2020`{=html} {#elkins-chun-2020-section}

**[`Can GPT-3 Pass a Writer’s Turing Test?`{=html}](/doc/ai/poetry/2020-elkins.pdf "'Can GPT-3 Pass a Writer’s Turing Test?', Elkins & Chun 2020"){.link-annotated
.id-not .include-annotation link-icon="pdf" link-icon-type="svg"
link-icon-color="#f40f02"}**

## `“GPT-2 AI Poetry Generation: Writing like Donne”, Case 2020`{=html} {#case-2020-section}

**[`GPT-2 AI Poetry Generation: Writing like Donne`{=html}](/doc/ai/poetry/2020-case.pdf "'GPT-2 AI Poetry Generation: Writing like Donne', Case 2020"){.link-annotated-partial
.id-not .include-annotation link-icon="pdf" link-icon-type="svg"
link-icon-color="#f40f02"}**

## `“Rapformer: Conditional Rap Lyrics Generation With Denoising Autoencoders”, Nikolov et al 2020`{=html} {#nikolov-et-al-2020-section}

**[`Rapformer: Conditional Rap Lyrics Generation with Denoising Autoencoders`{=html}](https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.03965 "'Rapformer: Conditional Rap Lyrics Generation with Denoising Autoencoders', Nikolov et al 2020"){.link-annotated
.id-not .include-annotation link-icon="𝛘" link-icon-type="text"
link-icon-color="#b31b1b"}**

## `“A Hundred Visions and Revisions”, Binder 2020`{=html} {#binder-2020-section}

**[`A Hundred Visions and Revisions`{=html}](https://github.com/jeffbinder/visions-and-revisions "'A Hundred Visions and Revisions', Binder 2020"){.link-annotated
.id-not .include-annotation link-icon="github" link-icon-type="svg"}**

## `“Writing the Next American Hit: Using GPT-2 to Explore the Possibility of Creating Successful AI-Generated Song Lyrics Possibility of Creating Successful AI-Generated Song Lyric”, Barrio 2020`{=html} {#barrio-2020-section}

**[`Writing the Next American Hit: Using GPT-2 to Explore the Possibility of Creating Successful AI-Generated Song Lyrics Possibility of Creating Successful AI-Generated Song Lyric`{=html}](/doc/ai/poetry/2020-barrio.pdf "'Writing the Next American Hit: Using GPT-2 to Explore the Possibility of Creating Successful AI-Generated Song Lyrics Possibility of Creating Successful AI-Generated Song Lyric', Barrio 2020"){.link-annotated-partial
.id-not .include-annotation link-icon="pdf" link-icon-type="svg"
link-icon-color="#f40f02"}**

## `“The Machine As Author”, Gervais 2019`{=html} {#gervais-2019-section}

**[`The Machine As Author`{=html}](/doc/ai/poetry/2019-gervais.pdf "'The Machine As Author', Gervais 2019"){.link-annotated
.id-not .include-annotation link-icon="pdf" link-icon-type="svg"
link-icon-color="#f40f02"}**

## `“Deep-Speare: A Joint Neural Model of Poetic Language, Meter and Rhyme”, Lau et al 2018`{=html} {#lau-et-al-2018-section}

**[`Deep-speare: A Joint Neural Model of Poetic Language, Meter and Rhyme`{=html}](https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.03491 "'Deep-speare: A Joint Neural Model of Poetic Language, Meter and Rhyme', Lau et al 2018"){.link-annotated
.id-not .include-annotation link-icon="𝛘" link-icon-type="text"
link-icon-color="#b31b1b"}**

## `“The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Recurrent Neural Networks”, Karpathy 2015`{=html} {#karpathy-2015-section}

**[`The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Recurrent Neural Networks`{=html}](https://karpathy.github.io/2015/05/21/rnn-effectiveness/ "'The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Recurrent Neural Networks', Karpathy 2015"){.link-annotated
.id-not .include-annotation}**

## `“The First Sally (A), Or, Trurl’s Electronic Bard”, Lem & Kandel 1974`{=html} {#lem-kandel-1974-section}

**[`The First Sally (A), or, Trurl’s Electronic Bard`{=html}](/doc/ai/poetry/1974-lem-cyberiad-trurlselectronicbard.pdf "'The First Sally (A), or, Trurl’s Electronic Bard', Lem & Kandel 1974"){.link-annotated-partial
.id-not .include-annotation link-icon="pdf" link-icon-type="svg"
link-icon-color="#f40f02"}**

## `“Scaling Language Models: Methods, Analysis &amp; Insights from Training Gopher § Table A40: Conversations Can Create the Illusion of Creativity”`{=html} {#_-XOFS-Uw-section}

**[`Scaling Language Models: Methods, Analysis &amp; Insights from Training Gopher § Table A40: Conversations can create the illusion of creativity`{=html}](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.11446.pdf#page=119&org=deepmind "Scaling Language Models: Methods, Analysis &amp; Insights from Training Gopher § Table A40: Conversations can create the illusion of creativity"){.id-not
.include-annotation link-icon="deepmind" link-icon-type="svg"
link-icon-color="#4185f4"}[  :]{.mobile-not}**

::: aux-links-transclude-file
::: {.collapse .mobile-not}
**View PDF**:

[`/doc/www/arxiv.org/55416474191d68307e7d48b4c4a372b8a43882dc.pdf#page=119&org=deepmind`](/doc/www/arxiv.org/55416474191d68307e7d48b4c4a372b8a43882dc.pdf#page=119&org=deepmind){.id-not
.link-annotated-not .include-content .include-lazy link-icon="deepmind"
link-icon-type="svg" link-icon-color="#4185f4"}
:::
:::

## `“ChatGPT—Poem Review and Critique”`{=html} {#_0ex9E0lD-section}

**[`ChatGPT—Poem Review and Critique`{=html}](https://chatgpt.com/share/69d302c4-bf98-83e8-8c55-7ed36ffb6a25 "ChatGPT—Poem Review and Critique"){.link-annotated-partial
.id-not .include-annotation link-icon="openai" link-icon-type="svg"}**

## `“This Mystical Book Was Co-Authored by a Disturbingly Realistic AI”`{=html} {#_v_8-zMib-section}

**[`This Mystical Book Was Co-Authored by a Disturbingly Realistic AI`{=html}](https://www.vice.com/en/article/7kbjvb/this-magickal-grimoire-was-co-authored-by-a-disturbingly-realistic-ai "This Mystical Book Was Co-Authored by a Disturbingly Realistic AI"){.id-not
.include-annotation link-icon="VICE"
link-icon-type="text,quad,italic"}**

## `aiamblichus`{=html} {#_mb-WLsHa-section}

**[`<span class=editorial>[Inverting <em>Paradise Lost</em> with DeepSeek-r1]</span>`{=html}](https://x.com/aiamblichus/status/1884022422116176083 "'<span class=editorial>[Inverting <em>Paradise Lost</em> with DeepSeek-r1]</span>', aiamblichus 2026"){.id-not
.include-annotation link-icon="twitter" link-icon-type="svg"
link-icon-color="#1da1f2"}**

::: aux-links-transclude-file
[`https://x.com/aiamblichus/status/1884022422116176083`](https://x.com/aiamblichus/status/1884022422116176083 "'<span class=editorial>[Inverting <em>Paradise Lost</em> with DeepSeek-r1]</span>', aiamblichus 2026"){.id-not
.include-content}
:::

## `poetengineer__`{=html} {#_iZdPQEeV-section}

**[`literally shaping a poem; resize a rectangular text area to adjust: • words per line • number of lines. using Gemini Flash lite and it outputs instantly—making it feel like gestural writing`{=html}](https://x.com/poetengineer__/status/1950597575083483420 "'literally shaping a poem; resize a rectangular text area to adjust: • words per line • number of lines. using Gemini Flash lite and it outputs instantly—making it feel like gestural writing', Zhang 2026"){.link-annotated-partial
.id-not .include-annotation link-icon="twitter" link-icon-type="svg"
link-icon-color="#1da1f2"}**

## Sort By Magic

::: {demo-type="sort-by-magic-preface"}
Annotations sorted by machine learning into [inferred \'tags\'](/design#future-tag-features){#gwern-design--future-tag-features
.link-annotated-partial}. This provides an alternative way to browse: instead of by *date* order, one can browse in *topic* order. The \'sorted\' list has been automatically clustered into multiple sections & auto-labeled for easier browsing.

Beginning with the newest annotation, it uses the embedding of each annotation to attempt to create a list of nearest-neighbor annotations, creating a progression of topics. For more details, see the link.
:::

### `linguistic-entropy` {.collapse title="Machine-generated tag name for the following cluster of links."}

[\[see previous entry\]](#scheibner-et-al-2025-section){.include
.include-even-when-collapsed}

### `ai-narrative` {.collapse title="Machine-generated tag name for the following cluster of links."}

[\[see previous entry\]](#gervais-2019-section){.include
.include-even-when-collapsed}

[\[see previous entry\]](#ngo-2024-section){.include
.include-even-when-collapsed}

### `creative-generation` {.collapse title="Machine-generated tag name for the following cluster of links."}

[\[see previous entry\]](#karpathy-2015-section){.include
.include-even-when-collapsed}

[\[see previous entry\]](#lau-et-al-2018-section){.include
.include-even-when-collapsed}

[\[see previous entry\]](#elkins-chun-2020-section){.include
.include-even-when-collapsed}

[\[see previous entry\]](#binder-2020-section){.include
.include-even-when-collapsed}

[\[see previous entry\]](#nikolov-et-al-2020-section){.include
.include-even-when-collapsed}

[\[see previous entry\]](#riedl-2020-section){.include
.include-even-when-collapsed}

[\[see previous entry\]](#bisconti-et-al-2025-section){.include
.include-even-when-collapsed}

[\[see previous entry\]](#zhang-et-al-2025-section){.include
.include-even-when-collapsed}

[\[see previous entry\]](#bradley-et-al-2023-section){.include
.include-even-when-collapsed}

## Wikipedia (1) {#titled-links-wikipedia .collapse}

1.  **[`Hollis Robbins`{=html}](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollis_Robbins "Hollis Robbins"){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation link-icon="wikipedia"
    link-icon-type="svg"}**

# Miscellaneous

-   **[`<code>/doc/ai/poetry/2020-02-09-gpt21.5b-poetry-model-500522-1msamples.txt</code>`{=html}](/doc/ai/poetry/2020-02-09-gpt21.5b-poetry-model-500522-1msamples.txt){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation link-icon="txt" link-icon-type="svg"}**

-   **[`<code>/doc/ai/poetry/2019-12-23-gpt21.5b-poetry-samples-topp080.txt</code>`{=html}](/doc/ai/poetry/2019-12-23-gpt21.5b-poetry-samples-topp080.txt){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation link-icon="txt" link-icon-type="svg"}**

-   **[`<code>/doc/ai/poetry/2019-12-23-gpt21.5b-poetry-samples-topp090.txt</code>`{=html}](/doc/ai/poetry/2019-12-23-gpt21.5b-poetry-samples-topp090.txt){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation link-icon="txt" link-icon-type="svg"}**

-   **[`<code>/doc/ai/poetry/2019-12-18-gpt21.5b-poetry-samples-topp080.txt</code>`{=html}](/doc/ai/poetry/2019-12-18-gpt21.5b-poetry-samples-topp080.txt){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation link-icon="txt" link-icon-type="svg"}**

-   **[`<code>/doc/ai/poetry/2019-12-16-gpt21.5b-poetry-samples-topp080.txt</code>`{=html}](/doc/ai/poetry/2019-12-16-gpt21.5b-poetry-samples-topp080.txt){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation link-icon="txt" link-icon-type="svg"}**

-   **[`<code>/doc/ai/poetry/2019-12-15-gpt21.5b-poetry-samples-topp090.txt</code>`{=html}](/doc/ai/poetry/2019-12-15-gpt21.5b-poetry-samples-topp090.txt){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation link-icon="txt" link-icon-type="svg"}**

-   **[`<code>/doc/ai/poetry/2019-12-13-gpt21.5b-poetry-samples-topp090.txt</code>`{=html}](/doc/ai/poetry/2019-12-13-gpt21.5b-poetry-samples-topp090.txt){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation link-icon="txt" link-icon-type="svg"}**

-   **[`<code>/doc/ai/poetry/2019-12-13-gwern-gpt-2-1.5b-poetry-model-500522.tar.xz</code>`{=html}](/doc/ai/poetry/2019-12-13-gwern-gpt-2-1.5b-poetry-model-500522.tar.xz "Gwern 2019"){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation link-icon="archive"
    link-icon-type="svg"}**

-   **[`<code>/doc/ai/poetry/2019-10-19-117m-poetryfoundation-samples.txt</code>`{=html}](/doc/ai/poetry/2019-10-19-117m-poetryfoundation-samples.txt){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation link-icon="txt" link-icon-type="svg"}**

-   **[`<code>/doc/ai/poetry/2019-10-17-117m-poetry-cleanprojectgutenberg-samples.txt</code>`{=html}](/doc/ai/poetry/2019-10-17-117m-poetry-cleanprojectgutenberg-samples.txt){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation link-icon="txt" link-icon-type="svg"}**

-   **[`<code>/doc/ai/poetry/2019-07-22-gpt2-345m-taotehching-all-ch181.tar.xz</code>`{=html}](/doc/ai/poetry/2019-07-22-gpt2-345m-taotehching-all-ch181.tar.xz){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation link-icon="archive"
    link-icon-type="svg"}**

-   **[`<code>/doc/ai/poetry/2019-07-21-taotehching-all-1ksamples.txt</code>`{=html}](/doc/ai/poetry/2019-07-21-taotehching-all-1ksamples.txt){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation link-icon="txt" link-icon-type="svg"}**

-   **[`<code>/doc/ai/poetry/2019-07-19-taotehching-ch1-1ksamples.txt</code>`{=html}](/doc/ai/poetry/2019-07-19-taotehching-ch1-1ksamples.txt){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation link-icon="txt" link-icon-type="svg"}**

-   **[`<code>/doc/ai/poetry/2019-05-24-gpt2-poetry-yeatssecondcoming-500completions.txt</code>`{=html}](/doc/ai/poetry/2019-05-24-gpt2-poetry-yeatssecondcoming-500completions.txt){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation link-icon="txt" link-icon-type="svg"}**

-   **[`<code>/doc/ai/poetry/2019-03-16-gpt2-poetry-prefix-jabberwocky-100samples.txt</code>`{=html}](/doc/ai/poetry/2019-03-16-gpt2-poetry-prefix-jabberwocky-100samples.txt){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation link-icon="txt" link-icon-type="svg"}**

-   **[`<code>/doc/ai/poetry/2019-03-06-gpt2-poetry-prefix-1000samples.txt</code>`{=html}](/doc/ai/poetry/2019-03-06-gpt2-poetry-prefix-1000samples.txt){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation link-icon="txt" link-icon-type="svg"}**

-   **[`<code>/doc/ai/poetry/2016-03-27-rnn-metadata-samples-all.txt</code>`{=html}](/doc/ai/poetry/2016-03-27-rnn-metadata-samples-all.txt){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation link-icon="txt" link-icon-type="svg"}**

-   **[`<code>/doc/ai/poetry/2016-03-27-rnn-metadata-samples.txt</code>`{=html}](/doc/ai/poetry/2016-03-27-rnn-metadata-samples.txt){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation link-icon="txt" link-icon-type="svg"}**

-   **[`<code>https://amaarora.github.io/2020/02/18/annotatedGPT2.html</code>`{=html}](https://amaarora.github.io/2020/02/18/annotatedGPT2.html){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation}**

-   **[`<code>https://colinmeloy.substack.com/p/i-had-chatgpt-write-a-decemberists</code>`{=html}](https://colinmeloy.substack.com/p/i-had-chatgpt-write-a-decemberists){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation link-icon="substack"
    link-icon-type="svg" link-icon-color="#ff6719"}**

-   **[`<code>https://posts.decontextualize.com/language-models-poetry/</code>`{=html}](https://posts.decontextualize.com/language-models-poetry/){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation}**

-   **[`<code>https://research.google/blog/transformer-a-novel-neural-network-architecture-for-language-understanding/</code>`{=html}](https://research.google/blog/transformer-a-novel-neural-network-architecture-for-language-understanding/){.id-not
    .include-annotation link-icon="alphabet" link-icon-type="svg"
    link-icon-color="#4285f4"}**

-   **[`<code>https://theconversation.com/novelist-j-g-ballard-was-experimenting-with-computer-generated-poetry-50-years-before-chatgpt-was-invented-228638</code>`{=html}](https://theconversation.com/novelist-j-g-ballard-was-experimenting-with-computer-generated-poetry-50-years-before-chatgpt-was-invented-228638){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation link-icon="🗨" link-icon-type="text"
    link-icon-color="#d8352a"}**

-   **[`<code>https://wordcraft-writers-workshop.appspot.com/stories/diana-hamilton</code>`{=html}](https://wordcraft-writers-workshop.appspot.com/stories/diana-hamilton){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation}**

-   **[`<code>https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00530-0</code>`{=html}](https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00530-0){.id-not
    .include-annotation link-icon="n" link-icon-type="text"}**

-   **[`<code>https://www.reddit.com/r/ChatGPT/comments/10zfvc7/chat_gpt_rap_battled_me/</code>`{=html}](https://www.reddit.com/r/ChatGPT/comments/10zfvc7/chat_gpt_rap_battled_me/){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation link-icon="reddit" link-icon-type="svg"
    link-icon-color="#ff4500"}**

-   **[`<code>https://www.reddit.com/r/unsong/comments/zckyg0/completing_edward_tellers_atom_alphabet_with/</code>`{=html}](https://www.reddit.com/r/unsong/comments/zckyg0/completing_edward_tellers_atom_alphabet_with/){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation link-icon="reddit" link-icon-type="svg"
    link-icon-color="#ff4500"}**

-   **[`<code>https://x.com/OwainEvans_UK/status/1636580251676585986</code>`{=html}](https://x.com/OwainEvans_UK/status/1636580251676585986 "OwainEvans_UK 2026"){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation link-icon="twitter" link-icon-type="svg"
    link-icon-color="#1da1f2"}**

-   **[`<code>https://x.com/OwainEvans_UK/status/1636605571637055488</code>`{=html}](https://x.com/OwainEvans_UK/status/1636605571637055488 "OwainEvans_UK 2026"){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation link-icon="twitter" link-icon-type="svg"
    link-icon-color="#1da1f2"}**

-   **[`<code>https://x.com/SpeaksNanda/status/2082841418653999315</code>`{=html}](https://x.com/SpeaksNanda/status/2082841418653999315 "SpeaksNanda 2026"){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation link-icon="twitter" link-icon-type="svg"
    link-icon-color="#1da1f2"}**

-   **[`<code>https://x.com/aiamblichus/status/1810696605760155989</code>`{=html}](https://x.com/aiamblichus/status/1810696605760155989 "aiamblichus 2026"){.id-not
    .include-annotation link-icon="twitter" link-icon-type="svg"
    link-icon-color="#1da1f2"}**

    ::: aux-links-transclude-file
    [`https://x.com/aiamblichus/status/1810696605760155989`](https://x.com/aiamblichus/status/1810696605760155989 "aiamblichus 2026"){.id-not
    .include-content}
    :::

-   **[`<code>https://x.com/emollick/status/1814908081437892632</code>`{=html}](https://x.com/emollick/status/1814908081437892632 "Mollick 2026"){.id-not
    .include-annotation link-icon="twitter" link-icon-type="svg"
    link-icon-color="#1da1f2"}**

    ::: aux-links-transclude-file
    [`https://x.com/emollick/status/1814908081437892632`](https://x.com/emollick/status/1814908081437892632 "Mollick 2026"){.id-not
    .include-content}
    :::

-   **[`<code>https://x.com/emollick/status/2064769268013584767</code>`{=html}](https://x.com/emollick/status/2064769268013584767 "Mollick 2026"){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation link-icon="twitter" link-icon-type="svg"
    link-icon-color="#1da1f2"}**

-   **[`<code>https://x.com/emollick/status/2067056226337186146</code>`{=html}](https://x.com/emollick/status/2067056226337186146 "Mollick 2026"){.id-not
    .include-annotation link-icon="twitter" link-icon-type="svg"
    link-icon-color="#1da1f2"}**

    ::: aux-links-transclude-file
    [`https://x.com/emollick/status/2067056226337186146`](https://x.com/emollick/status/2067056226337186146 "Mollick 2026"){.id-not
    .include-content}
    :::

-   **[`<code>https://x.com/mayfer/status/1732269798934106133</code>`{=html}](https://x.com/mayfer/status/1732269798934106133 "Ayfer 2026"){.link-annotated-partial
    .id-not .include-annotation link-icon="twitter" link-icon-type="svg"
    link-icon-color="#1da1f2"}**

-   **[`<code>https://x.com/noveltokens/status/1805817286021829004</code>`{=html}](https://x.com/noveltokens/status/1805817286021829004 "noveltokens 2026"){.id-not
    .include-annotation link-icon="twitter" link-icon-type="svg"
    link-icon-color="#1da1f2"}**

    ::: aux-links-transclude-file
    [`https://x.com/noveltokens/status/1805817286021829004`](https://x.com/noveltokens/status/1805817286021829004 "noveltokens 2026"){.id-not
    .include-content}
    :::

# Bibliography {#link-bibliography-section}

1.  `https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.03965`:
    [`“Rapformer: Conditional Rap Lyrics Generation With Denoising Autoencoders”`{=html}](https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.03965 "'Rapformer: Conditional Rap Lyrics Generation with Denoising Autoencoders', Nikolov et al 2020"){#nikolov-et-al-2020
    .link-annotated},
    [Nikola I. Nikolov, Eric Malmi, Curtis G. Northcutt, Loreto Parisi]{.author}

    [[link-bibliography](/metadata/annotation/link-bibliography/https%253A%252F%252Farxiv.org%252Fabs%252F2004.03965.html "Directory-tag link-bibliography for link https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.03965"){.id-not
    .include-even-when-collapsed}]{.collapse
    .tag-index-link-bibliography-block}