---
title: 'Midjourney Personalization Flaws'
author: Gwern
description: "Flaws in Midjourney’s new personalization feature: inefficient, noisy, and crude... but still useful and recommended. Could be greatly improved by more active learning and UX refinement. The random samples do reveal some interesting things about Midjourney users."
created: 2024-07-22
modified: 2024-07-23
status: finished
importance: N/A
confidence: log
css-extension: dropcaps-de-zs toc-not
backlink: False
...

[\[response to [announcement](https://www.reddit.com/r/midjourney/comments/1dnlel9/new_personalization_p_feature_release/); feature is much-improved as of 2025-03-15\]]{.editorial} Midjourney asks you to do low-information comparisons, so it is wasteful of your time.

Over the past weeks, I've been trying out [personalization](https://docs.midjourney.com/docs/personalization) (`90a0efc2-a866-4a08-a112-0498f599c2cc`) and have done \>6,485, out of curiosity. I can definitely [see the difference](/doc/ai/nn/diffusion/midjourney/2024-07-14-gwern-midjourneyv6-thetaleofprincesskaguyadansemacabre-personalizedvsdefault-4x4samplegrid.jpg "‘Midjourneyv6 personalized vs default samples’, Gwern 2024"), and it is helpful for fighting the [mode-collapsed](/doc/reinforcement-learning/preference-learning/mode-collapse/index) 'Midjourney look' with its bias toward tons of colors / single centered figures (especially sexualized women) etc. I was also entertained to go through what seems like a quasi-random (?) sample of MJ uses, which educated me on things like how easy it is to get softcore pornography out of [Midjourney](!W), and the strange things people prompt for. The interface is nice & snappy too, although it could be a bit snappier by preloading more of the images.

However, I felt like I got little out of the ratings past 400, and I wasted my time because [Midjourney's ranking interface](https://www.midjourney.com/rank) is either poorly conceived or prioritizing its own ranking tasks rather than improving my own personalization.

Some issues I note:

-   **Too few raters**: It was easy to get into the daily top ratings, which suggests that there are too few raters, and we are inadequately incentivized; keep that in mind for what follows...

-   **Grotesque sample-inefficiency**:

    -   *Uncurated*: Many images are meaningless, softcore porn, or outright malformed---I can't believe anyone at MJ has actually looked at these before asking me to spend my time comparing them.

    -   *Undiverse*: Most of the images are *incredibly* similar. So many interiors. So much food. So much glossy marketing crap.

    -   *Useless*: Almost all the comparisons are uninformative. There is little point in comparing 2 random images, which differ in every possible way, and which have nothing to do with my existing personalization or the model's uncertainty about my preferences.

        For example, a comparison like a photograph of an Instagram swimsuit model vs a *de Stijl* painting. What does a comparison tell you? Little. Was there a problem with the photo? Was the painting the wrong color? Did I not like swimsuits, photos, Instagram, or what?

        For preference-learning from comparisons, where you are trying to measure the effect size of various possible user preferences, you want to minimize nuisance [variance](!W) as much as possible! After an initial warmup phase, once the broad strokes of preferences have been nailed down and one is looking at subtle refinements, the comparison images should be as similar as possible overall, not as different. A binary comparison is already extremely uninformative, and then you dilute it by comparing 2 random images. (And then many of those images *repeat*! The ranking will keep using the same image periodically, which is obviously much less efficient than using a novel image.)

        What you *should* be doing is comparing images which are as similar as possible *except* on esthetics, and which are quality-checked, so that I am not wasting my time making comparisons based on which image looks like it survived an industrial accident, and which are sampled using 2 kinds of esthetics I have not yet done any comparisons on. I should not be seeing scores of 'Chinese scroll painting' (much less ones where I am asked to compare it with 'European oil painting of a pug dog in ruffs'). And I have made it clear to the model I don't want to see Instagram swimsuit women, and yet, they keep coming up every few comparisons, thereby wasting a large fraction of comparisons.

        More broadly, by this point, it should be trivial for \>95% of the comparisons for a preference model to predict what I would pick, and those comparisons are a waste of time compared to asking about one it's genuinely uncertain about what I would pick. One 50--50 comparison (1 bit) is worth \>3× what a 95:5 is (\<0.29 bits).

        The sample-efficiency here is horrendous. I wouldn't be surprised if a more intelligent selection, which asks about meaningful pairs, and which doesn't keep re-asking, could give better personalization in 50 comparisons than I am getting out of 1,500+ right now... It's not hard, since they're all so useless. [\[As of [2024-12-17](https://www.midjourney.com/updates/profiles-and-moodboards), MJ claims to have improved sample-efficiency substantially: "Personalization profiles both 'converge' more quickly and need fewer to get started. You'll need 40 ratings to get started, and the profile should be fairly stable by 200. You'll still notice that 2,000 ratings will improve the performance, but you shouldn't practically need 10,000 anymore." I tried it out for \~750, creating `p7270264180492468254`, and while it seemed much better, most of the issues I identify seem to still be present (increasing with *n*).\]]{.editorial}

        Heck, given the results of prompts like "5" or "art" (yes, real prompts, which produce much more interesting art than \>95% of the current ranking samples), right now, the ranking would be more efficient if it simply used random pairs of images drawn from *those* than wherever they are drawn from now... 2 random samples from those prompts differ more meaningfully on esthetics than, after a few hundred pairs, almost all the ranking pairs being offered.

    -   *Disrespectful of my time*: The waste & inefficiency of the preference-learning aside, I've passed dozens of 'attention checks' at this point. I was fine with the first few, but after 6 (or 12), they start to feel downright insulting.

-   **Prompt adherence**: Midjourney prompt adherence remains often surprisingly bad (even without comparing to DALL·E 3 or [Ideogram](https://ideogram.ai/) v2 or Recraft's Red Panda) and looks exactly like the common image generator failure mode of using a far too weak text encoder LLM. This also contributes to the abuse, see later.

    (For example, why does a prompt like '5' or '6' produce lots of interestingly artistic samples... instead of, obviously, a numeral 5 or 6 of some sort, like a [dropcap](!W "Initial")? I like those outputs, but this is clearly failure of even very simple prompt adherence.) I don't know how I would take into account the prompts, given how often the image looks nice but badly fails to follow the prompt. So I always just ignored them. (Given this, it would probably make more sense to hide the prompts entirely and stop wasting space.)

-   **Mass esthetics**: You can clearly see the level of mode-collapse on display, and the broader collapse toward the 'Instagram look' and other dominant design trends like Memphis or an empty glossy minimalism.

    I think I've become even more allergic to 'AI slop' after this experience. Thank goodness for [`chaos`](https://docs.midjourney.com/hc/en-us/articles/32099348346765-Chaos-Variety)/[`weird`](https://docs.midjourney.com/docs/weird), but I fear the people who really need to use it will not...

    -   *"Hot woman" abuse*: In particular, the level of 'hot woman' abuse of sticking hot women into every picture is gag-inducing. Sex has its place---which is not in every d---mned image.

    You can see how difficult it is to avoid tuning image-generation models from collapsing into the lowest-common denominator of upvotes/ratings not from the models themselves but from the *users*... I have to actively force myself to try to avoid lowest-common denominator and not take the easy path of upvoting the glossy, high-quality, yet extremely uncreative & redundant image, particularly after I have done a lot of ratings. (It would be easier to be more careful about ratings if one had to do many fewer, I would point out.)

    If you want to imagine the image-gen future, just imagine a thin young white or East Asian woman with a round face and thick eyebrows and pancake white makeup in red stiletto heels grinding the face of humanity---forever. (With an immaculately Asian-Scandinavian-minimalist beige room background and a bowl of fruit in focus, for when she gets hungry.)

    Generative media people I think need to take this problem more seriously, and think hard about how to rephrase these things. Optimizing for raters or 'esthetic scores' worked OK when the models were terrible, but we are at the point where those are no longer useful metrics; all they produce is the junk food of media, optimizing solely for the lowest-common denominator.

    We need different paradigms, like optimizing for models which produce the highest rated image out of *n* samples, say, training directly for best-of-*n* sampling. (I don't need a model which wins \>50% of random comparisons; I need a model which, if I generate 100 images, the *best image out of that batch* beats all comers. That is a totally different objective: optimizing for a maximum, not a median or mean. It is also a lot harder eg. naively non-[differentiable](!W "Differentiable function"), so no one wants to take an approach like that unless they are forced to...)

-   **Abuse**: The softcore porn aside, there are clearly many samples being generated for SEO spam, cryptocurrency scams, Middle Eastern propaganda, fake people, and dubious products.

-   **Softcore porn**: I was surprised by how much softcore porn I saw (and also surprised that it meant Midjourney is asking all its users to rate hundreds of images that they haven't even bothered to eyeball first, further emphasizing how wastefully inefficient & contemptuous it feels); the tricks are interesting.

    For example, you can use "little or no bloating" to get pregnant porn; this is interesting because it implies that the [LLM](!W "Large language model") being used to encode text is still so small/stupid that it can't do negation, and treats prompts as a bag-of-word, so this gets treated as 'no bloating → bloating → fat → pregnant'. Other fun ones: "expectant beauty"; "without brabites" [\[sic\]]{.editorial}; "bathhouse"; "loose-fitting dainty colorful bathrobe"; ["Frisian"](!W "Frisians") (???); "bellyband"; 'shorts' + 'heels' + 'bag over head' (yeah, I dunno) but no mention of shirt = topless nudity. The boobs are admittedly hot, so I guess there is no shortage of that in the original MJ training data...

    You can also see individual user's signature fetishes if you do batches on multiple days. (*Ganbare* to whatever user was really determined to get a pregnant Asian girl with heavy tattoos and not one but two baby-daddies.)

So, overall, if you are using MJ and you care at all about esthetics and avoiding the 'MJ look'/'AI slop', I think it's worth doing the personalization up until it kicks in, but then it is probably not worth doing any further right now. It's just making such poor use of your ratings & time compared to other things you could do to improve results.

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

This suggests that MJ's personalization is the easiest possible approach of training a simple per-user classifier (like a [logistic regression](!W)) on an esthetics-focused image embedding, using randomly-selected images, and plugging that into CFG guidance during the diffusion image generation; this would pick up mostly just simple linear preferences and neglect subtler esthetic preferences (similar to [controlling a GAN](/face#reversing-stylegan-to-control-modify-images "‘Making Anime Faces With StyleGAN § Reversing StyleGAN To Control & Modify Images’, Gwern 2019")). This would explain all of my observations, especially the sample-inefficiency & rapid asymptoting.
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